Process-based nursing using explanation-simulation-practice-communication-support model for pain management after liver cancer intervention

doi:10.4251/wjgo.v18.i7.118632

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology

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1948-5204

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Gastrointest Oncol. Jul 15, 2026; 18(7): 118632
Published online Jul 15, 2026. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v18.i7.118632

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients in the two groups, n (%)

General information	Control group (n = 250)	Observation group (n = 250)	χ²/t	P value
Gender			0.298	0.585
Male	145 (58.00)	151 (60.40)
Female	105 (42.00)	99 (39.60)
Lesion location			0.457	0.496
Left lobe	72 (28.80)	75 (30.00)
Right lobe	125 (50.00)	128 (51.20)
Bilobar	53 (21.20)	47 (18.80)
Number of lesions			0.090	0.765
Solitary	182 (72.80)	179 (71.60)
Multiple	68 (27.20)	71 (28.40)
Maximum lesion diameter			0.130	0.719
≥ 5 cm	138 (55.20)	142 (56.80)
< 5 cm	112 (44.80)	108 (43.20)
Child-Pugh classification			0.093	0.760
Grade A	64 (25.60)	67 (26.80)
Grade B	186 (74.40)	183 (73.20)
Age (year), mean ± SD	58.62 ± 6.37	58.33 ± 6.40	0.508	0.612
BMI (kg/m²), mean ± SD	22.56 ± 1.44	22.51 ± 1.48	0.383	0.702
Number of interventional treatments, mean ± SD	3.10 ± 0.86	3.06 ± 0.82	0.532	0.595

BMI: Body mass index.

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Citation: Qian RH, Xu Y. Process-based nursing using explanation-simulation-practice-communication-support model for pain management after liver cancer intervention. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2026; 18(7): 118632
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5204/full/v18/i7/118632.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v18.i7.118632

Qian RH, Xu Y. Process-based nursing using explanation-simulation-practice-communication-support model for pain management after liver cancer intervention. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2026; 18(7): 118632 [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v18.i7.118632]

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