Machine-learning models integrating preoperative clinical factors and circulating tumor DNA features predict lymph node metastasis in esophageal carcinoma

Figure 4 The comparison of cell-free DNA features grouped by lymph node metastasis status. A: The cell-free DNA concentration; B: Number of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) variants; C: Average variant allele frequency (VAF) of ctDNA mutations; D: Average VAF of ctDNA TP53 mutations; E: Average VAF of ctDNA PIK3CA mutations; F: Average VAF of PTCH1 mutations of the lymph node negative and positive groups. cfDNA: Cell-free DNA; ctDNA: Circulating tumor DNA; LNM: Lymph node metastasis; VAF: Variant allele frequency.