Adjuvant programmed death-1 inhibition combined with chemotherapy in resected pancreatic cancer: A real-world cohort study

Figure 4 Forest plot of multivariable Cox regression analysis for recurrence-free survival and forest plot of subgroup analyses for recurrence-free survival. A: Independent predictors of recurrence-free survival included programmed death-1 (PD-1) treatment, younger age, advanced American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage, and elevated baseline serum creatinine. Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval are displayed. HR < 1 indicates a lower risk of recurrence; B: Subgroups included sex, age, tumor location, AJCC stage, interval from surgery to adjuvant therapy, baseline carbohydrate antigen 19-9, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. Hazard ratios across subgroups consistently favored the Chemo + PD-1 group. No significant interaction effects were observed. AJCC: American Joint Committee on Cancer; CA19-9: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9; HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval; NLR: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio.