Assessing hepatocellular carcinoma in Nigeria: A multicenter retrospective cohort review of prevalence, risk factors, and treatment outcomes

doi:10.4251/wjgo.v18.i5.117654

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology

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1948-5204

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Retrospective Cohort Study

Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Gastrointest Oncol. May 15, 2026; 18(5): 117654
Published online May 15, 2026. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v18.i5.117654

Table 6 Relationships between risk factors and clinical outcome, n (%)

Variable	Category	Alive	Dead	χ²	P value
Chronic hepatitis B virus infection	No	21 (27.3)	56 (72.7)	1.777	0.182
Chronic hepatitis B virus infection	Yes	18 (18.8)	78 (81.3)
Chronic hepatitis C virus infection	No	34 (20.9)	129 (79.1)	4.582	0.032^a
Chronic hepatitis C virus infection	Yes	5 (50.0)	5 (50.0)
MASLD	No	36 (22.1)	127 (77.9)	0.338	0.561
MASLD	Yes	3 (30.0)	7 (70.0)
Alcohol consumption	No	33 (24.1)	104 (75.9)	0.899	0.343
Alcohol consumption	Yes	6 (16.7)	30 (83.3)
Cigarette smoking	No	39 (23.4)	128 (76.6)	1.809	0.179
Cigarette smoking	Yes	0 (0.0)	6 (100.0)

^aStatistically significant.

MASLD: Metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease.

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Citation: Musa Y, Dankiri NA, Saleh HT, Onyia CP, Abdulkareem LO, Okonkwo KC, Abdulkareem FB, Shu'aibu RB, Aminu AS, Ewa AM, Abdullahi HZ, Njideka AW, Sunusi HI, Ijoma UN, Sunday NV, Chukwudike ES, Okeke UF, Asogwa PU, Mukoro GD, Abdullahi MK, Odeghe EA, Nwoko C, Takwashe IM, Oguntoye OO, Owoseni OO, Jimoh AO, Oyeleke GK. Assessing hepatocellular carcinoma in Nigeria: A multicenter retrospective cohort review of prevalence, risk factors, and treatment outcomes. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2026; 18(5): 117654
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5204/full/v18/i5/117654.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v18.i5.117654

Musa Y, Dankiri NA, Saleh HT, Onyia CP, Abdulkareem LO, Okonkwo KC, Abdulkareem FB, Shu'aibu RB, Aminu AS, Ewa AM, Abdullahi HZ, Njideka AW, Sunusi HI, Ijoma UN, Sunday NV, Chukwudike ES, Okeke UF, Asogwa PU, Mukoro GD, Abdullahi MK, Odeghe EA, Nwoko C, Takwashe IM, Oguntoye OO, Owoseni OO, Jimoh AO, Oyeleke GK. Assessing hepatocellular carcinoma in Nigeria: A multicenter retrospective cohort review of prevalence, risk factors, and treatment outcomes. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2026; 18(5): 117654 [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v18.i5.117654]

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