Assessing hepatocellular carcinoma in Nigeria: A multicenter retrospective cohort review of prevalence, risk factors, and treatment outcomes

doi:10.4251/wjgo.v18.i5.117654

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology

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1948-5204

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Retrospective Cohort Study

Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Gastrointest Oncol. May 15, 2026; 18(5): 117654
Published online May 15, 2026. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v18.i5.117654

Table 3 Investigations, Child-Pugh scores and clinical staging of hepatocellular carcinoma cases

Investigations/stage		Frequency	%
Ultrasound scan	Liver mass with ascites	163	51.4
Ultrasound scan	Liver mass without ascites	107	33.8
CT scan	Characteristic liver mass	132	41.6
Serum AFP (ng/mL)	< 200	70	22.1
	200-400	30	9.5
	> 400	68	21.5
Serum urea/creatinine	Normal	183	57.7
Serum urea/creatinine	Deranged	78	24.8
INR	< 1.7	122	38.5
INR	1.7-2.3	57	18
Child-Pugh scores	A	53	16.7
	B	76	24.0
	C	94	29.7
BCLC stage	0	2	0.6
	A	16	5.0
	B	58	18.3
	C	88	27.8
	D	72	22.7

CT: Computed tomography; AFP: Alpha fetoprotein; INR: International normalized ratio; BCLC: Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer.

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Citation: Musa Y, Dankiri NA, Saleh HT, Onyia CP, Abdulkareem LO, Okonkwo KC, Abdulkareem FB, Shu'aibu RB, Aminu AS, Ewa AM, Abdullahi HZ, Njideka AW, Sunusi HI, Ijoma UN, Sunday NV, Chukwudike ES, Okeke UF, Asogwa PU, Mukoro GD, Abdullahi MK, Odeghe EA, Nwoko C, Takwashe IM, Oguntoye OO, Owoseni OO, Jimoh AO, Oyeleke GK. Assessing hepatocellular carcinoma in Nigeria: A multicenter retrospective cohort review of prevalence, risk factors, and treatment outcomes. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2026; 18(5): 117654
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5204/full/v18/i5/117654.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v18.i5.117654

Musa Y, Dankiri NA, Saleh HT, Onyia CP, Abdulkareem LO, Okonkwo KC, Abdulkareem FB, Shu'aibu RB, Aminu AS, Ewa AM, Abdullahi HZ, Njideka AW, Sunusi HI, Ijoma UN, Sunday NV, Chukwudike ES, Okeke UF, Asogwa PU, Mukoro GD, Abdullahi MK, Odeghe EA, Nwoko C, Takwashe IM, Oguntoye OO, Owoseni OO, Jimoh AO, Oyeleke GK. Assessing hepatocellular carcinoma in Nigeria: A multicenter retrospective cohort review of prevalence, risk factors, and treatment outcomes. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2026; 18(5): 117654 [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v18.i5.117654]

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