Comprehensive geriatric assessment guiding treatment and survival in elderly digestive tumor patients: A retrospective study

Table 2 Comprehensive geriatric assessment dimension assessment tools, abnormality criteria, and general intervention measures

CGA assessment dimensions	Assessment tool/method	Abnormality threshold	General interventions
Comorbidities	CCI	CCI ≥ 2	Refer to geriatrics or relevant specialty; optimize comorbidity management
Functional status	Activities of Daily Living scale	Total score < 100	Refer to rehabilitation medicine; devise a rehab plan; arrange home-care services
Nutritional status	MNA-SF	≤ 11 points	Refer to clinical nutrition; provide dietary counseling, oral nutritional supplements or mandatory nutritional support
Cognitive function	MMSE	Illiterate ≤ 17; primary-school ≤ 20; middle-school ≤ 24	Enhance communication with primary caregiver; remind and supervise medication; schedule cognitive training
Psychological status	GDS-15	≥ 5 points	Refer to psychiatry/psychology; provide psychological counseling; strengthen family emotional support
Frailty status	CFS	Grade ≥ 4	Use as core input for MDT decisions; initiate comprehensive nutrition, rehabilitation and supportive care
Polypharmacy	Medication list review	Concurrent use of ≥ 5 drugs	Clinical pharmacist or geriatrician conducts medication reconciliation; discontinue non-essential or inappropriate drugs
Social support	Structured interview	Living alone/no stable caregiver/financial hardship	Social-worker intervention; assist with subsidy applications; link to community support services

CGA: Comprehensive geriatric assessment; CCI: Charlson comorbidity index; MNA-SF: Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form; MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination; GDS-15: Geriatric Depression Scale-15; CFS: Clinical Frailty Scale; MDT: Multidisciplinary team.