Icaritin suppresses colorectal cancer invasion and metastasis through regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway

Figure 4 Effects of icaritin on epithelial-mesenchymal transition and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. A: Matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and MMP9, associated with migration and invasion, showed decreased expression following icaritin treatment; B: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related gene expression of E-cadherin showed an increase and decrease in N-cadherin, Snail, and β-catenin; C: Expression of all the Wnt/β-catenin signaling-related genes, except adenomatous polyposis coli, decreased after icaritin treatment, including Wnt3a, β-catenin, c-MYC, cyclin D1, and MMP7. All data are displayed as mean ± SD (n = 3). P < 0.05 compared with the control group. MMP: Matrix metalloproteinase.