Preoperative spectral computed tomography multi-parameter prediction of postoperative complications in colorectal cancer: A single-center retrospective cohort study

Table 2 Comparison of preoperative spectral computed tomography parameters between two groups, mean ± SD

Parameter	Non-complication group (n = 122)	Complication group (n = 73)	Statistic	P value
Arterial phase parameters
Tumor iodine concentration (μg/cm³)	18.7 ± 6.8	13.4 ± 5.9	t = 5.487	< 0.001
Normal bowel wall iodine concentration (μg/cm³)	12.3 ± 4.2	11.8 ± 4.5	t = 0.787	0.432
Abdominal aorta iodine concentration (μg/cm³)	210.4 ± 45.7	208.9 ± 48.2	t = 0.214	0.831
Erector spinae iodine concentration (μg/cm³)	11.2 ± 3.8	10.8 ± 4.1	t = 0.731	0.465
Tumor normalized iodine concentration	0.089 ± 0.025	0.064 ± 0.022	t = 7.015	< 0.001
Tumor effective atomic number	8.21 ± 0.47	7.86 ± 0.52	t = 4.729	< 0.001
Tumor λHU	2.84 ± 0.68	2.31 ± 0.59	t = 5.425	< 0.001
Tumor plain CT value (HU)	34.5 ± 8.7	35.1 ± 9.2	t = -0.443	0.658
Tumor CT value (HU)	67.8 ± 18.9	54.2 ± 16.7	t = 5.053	< 0.001
Abdominal aorta CT value (HU)	268.4 ± 52.3	265.7 ± 48.9	t = 0.363	0.717
Erector spinae CT value (HU)	40.8 ± 12.4	40.1 ± 13.7	t = 0.350	0.726
Tumor 40 keV CT value (HU)	142.7 ± 38.4	115.3 ± 32.1	t = 5.030	< 0.001
Tumor enhancement degree (HU)	33.3 ± 15.2	19.1 ± 12.8	t = 6.625	< 0.001
Tumor relative enhancement rate (%)	98.7 ± 47.3	56.2 ± 39.1	t = 6.352	< 0.001
Portal venous phase parameters
Tumor iodine concentration (μg/cm³)	22.9 ± 7.3	16.8 ± 6.4	t = 5.879	< 0.001
Normal bowel wall iodine concentration (μg/cm³)	15.7 ± 5.1	15.2 ± 5.4	t = 0.639	0.524
Abdominal aorta iodine concentration (μg/cm³)	158.3 ± 32.1	155.9 ± 35.4	t = 0.480	0.632
Erector spinae iodine concentration (μg/cm³)	10.4 ± 3.2	9.9 ± 3.6	t = 1.000	0.318
Tumor normalized iodine concentration	0.145 ± 0.031	0.108 ± 0.027	t = 8.406	< 0.001
Tumor effective atomic number	8.45 ± 0.52	8.07 ± 0.58	t = 4.659	< 0.001
Tumor λHU	3.12 ± 0.74	2.58 ± 0.67	t = 5.109	< 0.001
Tumor CT value (HU)	89.4 ± 22.1	71.6 ± 19.8	t = 5.690	< 0.001
Abdominal aorta CT value (HU)	184.7 ± 38.9	181.2 ± 41.3	t = 0.580	0.563
Erector spinae CT value (HU)	40.5 ± 12.1	39.8 ± 13.2	t = 0.369	0.712
Tumor 40 keV CT value (HU)	178.3 ± 45.7	142.9 ± 38.9	t = 5.498	< 0.001
Tumor enhancement degree (HU)	54.9 ± 18.4	36.5 ± 15.7	t = 7.105	< 0.001
Tumor relative enhancement rate (%)	161.8 ± 58.2	106.3 ± 48.9	t = 6.781	< 0.001
Derived parameters
Iodine concentration difference (μg/cm³)	4.2 ± 2.8	3.4 ± 2.1	t = 2.152	0.032
Arterial phase tumor-muscle iodine concentration ratio	1.68 ± 0.42	1.34 ± 0.38	t = 5.642	< 0.001
Portal venous phase tumor-muscle iodine concentration ratio	2.21 ± 0.56	1.79 ± 0.47	t = 5.339	< 0.001
Arterial phase tumor-muscle CT value ratio	1.67 ± 0.38	1.36 ± 0.34	t = 5.718	< 0.001
Portal venous phase tumor-muscle CT value ratio	2.22 ± 0.51	1.83 ± 0.43	t = 5.376	< 0.001

CT: Computed tomography.