Preoperative spectral computed tomography multi-parameter prediction of postoperative complications in colorectal cancer: A single-center retrospective cohort study

Table 1 Comparison of patient baseline characteristics, n (%)

Characteristic	Total (n = 195)	Non-complication group (n = 122)	Complication group (n = 73)	Statistic	P value
General demographic data
Age (years), M (P25, P75)	62 (54, 71)	61 (53, 69)	65 (57, 74)	Z = -2.146	0.032
Gender				χ² = 2.315	0.128
Male	114 (58.5)	67 (54.9)	47 (64.4)
Female	81 (41.5)	55 (45.1)	26 (35.6)
BMI (kg/m²), mean ± SD	23.4 ± 3.2	23.6 ± 3.1	23.0 ± 3.4	t = 1.164	0.245
Smoking history	78 (40.0)	45 (36.9)	33 (45.2)	χ² = 1.308	0.253
Alcohol history	52 (26.7)	29 (23.8)	23 (31.5)	χ² = 1.315	0.251
Past medical history/comorbidities
Hypertension	89 (45.6)	52 (42.6)	37 (50.7)	χ² = 1.191	0.276
Diabetes	31 (15.9)	16 (13.1)	15 (20.5)	χ² = 1.864	0.173
Coronary heart disease	24 (12.3)	12 (9.8)	12 (16.4)	χ² = 1.810	0.178
COPD	18 (9.2)	8 (6.6)	10 (13.7)	χ² = 2.735	0.098
Preoperative examination indicators
Hemoglobin (g/L), mean ± SD	125.3 ± 18.7	128.1 ± 17.2	120.9 ± 20.5	t = 2.517	0.013
White blood cell count (× 109/L), M (P25, P75)	6.8 (5.4, 8.3)	6.5 (5.2, 7.9)	7.2 (5.8, 8.9)	Z = -2.014	0.045
Neutrophil count (× 109/L), M (P25, P75)	4.2 (3.1, 5.6)	3.9 (2.9, 5.2)	4.7 (3.5, 6.1)	Z = -2.364	0.018
Lymphocyte count (× 109/L), M (P25, P75)	1.8 (1.4, 2.3)	1.9 (1.5, 2.4)	1.6 (1.2, 2.1)	Z = -2.289	0.022
Platelet count (× 109/L), mean ± SD	285.4 ± 78.9	278.2 ± 75.1	297.8 ± 84.2	t = -1.622	0.106
Albumin (g/L), mean ± SD	38.9 ± 4.8	40.1 ± 4.2	36.8 ± 5.2	t = 4.624	< 0.001
Prealbumin (mg/L), mean ± SD	268.7 ± 58.3	279.4 ± 52.9	250.1 ± 63.8	t = 3.358	0.001
Total protein (g/L), mean ± SD	68.5 ± 7.2	69.8 ± 6.8	66.4 ± 7.6	t = 3.158	0.002
Creatinine (μmol/L), M (P25, P75)	78.5 (65.2, 93.1)	76.8 (63.4, 91.2)	81.7 (68.9, 96.3)	Z = -1.714	0.087
Blood urea nitrogen (mmol/L), M (P25, P75)	5.8 (4.6, 7.2)	5.6 (4.4, 6.9)	6.2 (5.0, 7.8)	Z = -1.876	0.061
ALT (U/L), M (P25, P75)	25.3 (18.7, 34.2)	24.1 (17.9, 32.5)	27.8 (20.4, 37.1)	Z = -1.502	0.134
AST (U/L), M (P25, P75)	28.9 (22.1, 38.7)	27.2 (21.3, 36.4)	31.8 (24.2, 42.1)	Z = -1.705	0.089
CEA (ng/mL), M (P25, P75)	8.7 (3.2, 18.9)	7.1 (2.8, 15.4)	12.3 (4.7, 24.8)	Z = -2.954	0.003
CA19-9 (U/mL), M (P25, P75)	19.8 (8.4, 45.7)	17.2 (7.6, 38.9)	25.4 (10.8, 58.3)	Z = -2.052	0.041
PT (s), mean ± SD	12.8 ± 1.4	12.6 ± 1.3	13.2 ± 1.5	t = -2.628	0.009
APTT (s), mean ± SD	31.7 ± 4.2	31.2 ± 3.9	32.6 ± 4.7	t = -2.151	0.032
INR, mean ± SD	1.08 ± 0.12	1.06 ± 0.11	1.12 ± 0.13	t = -3.367	0.001
Tumor-related indicators
Tumor location				χ² = 1.725	0.189
Colon cancer	118 (60.5)	77 (63.1)	41 (56.2)
Rectal cancer	77 (39.5)	45 (36.9)	32 (43.8)
TNM stage				χ² = 12.238	0.002
Stage I	38 (19.5)	29 (23.8)	9 (12.3)
Stage II	71 (36.4)	49 (40.2)	22 (30.1)
Stage III	86 (44.1)	44 (36.1)	42 (57.5)
Tumor differentiation				χ² = 6.949	0.031
Well differentiated	42 (21.5)	31 (25.4)	11 (15.1)
Moderately differentiated	123 (63.1)	79 (64.8)	44 (60.3)
Poorly differentiated	30 (15.4)	12 (9.8)	18 (24.7)
Tumor diameter (cm), mean ± SD	4.8 ± 2.1	4.4 ± 1.9	5.5 ± 2.3	t = -3.389	0.001
Surgery-related data
Intraoperative blood loss (mL), M (P25, P75)	180 (120, 280)	160 (110, 240)	220 (150, 350)	Z = -3.872	< 0.001
Number of lymph nodes dissected, mean ± SD	18.7 ± 6.8	19.2 ± 6.5	17.8 ± 7.3	t = 1.410	0.156
Positive margin	23 (11.8)	9 (7.4)	14 (19.2)	χ² = 6.072	0.014
Prophylactic stoma	28 (14.4)	14 (11.5)	14 (19.2)	χ² = 2.146	0.143
ASA grade ≥ III	47 (24.1)	23 (18.9)	24 (32.9)	χ² = 4.831	0.028

BMI: Body mass index; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; CA19-9: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9; PT: Prothrombin time; APTT: Activated partial thromboplastin time; INR: International normalized ratio.