Digital polymerase chain reaction detection of telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter mutations in hepatitis B virus related hepatocellular carcinoma

doi:10.4251/wjgo.v18.i4.116504

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology

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1948-5204

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Gastrointest Oncol. Apr 15, 2026; 18(4): 116504
Published online Apr 15, 2026. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v18.i4.116504

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Figure 1 Integrated molecular model. Illustrating how hepatitis B virus DNA integration and telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter mutations synergistically activate telomerase, enhance oncogenic signaling (mitogen-activated protein kinase/E-twenty-six, nuclear factor kappaB, Wnt/β-catenin), promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition (epithelial-mesenchymal transition), and drive immune evasion, contributing to recurrence in hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma. TERT: Telomerase reverse transcriptase; ETS: E-twenty-six; IT: Integrated transcription; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HBx: Hepatitis B virus X protein; MAPK: Mitogen-activated protein kinase; EMT: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition; ELKI1: Ets-like protein 1; PD-L1: Programmed death ligand-1.

Citation: Shao S, Xiong Y, Kong MW, Yu Y, Zhang CX. Digital polymerase chain reaction detection of telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter mutations in hepatitis B virus related hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2026; 18(4): 116504
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5204/full/v18/i4/116504.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v18.i4.116504

Shao S, Xiong Y, Kong MW, Yu Y, Zhang CX. Digital polymerase chain reaction detection of telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter mutations in hepatitis B virus related hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2026; 18(4): 116504 [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v18.i4.116504]

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