Cost-effectiveness of sponge cytology test vs endoscopy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma screening in high-risk areas

doi:10.4251/wjgo.v18.i3.117278

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology

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1948-5204

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Evidence-Based Medicine

Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Gastrointest Oncol. Mar 15, 2026; 18(3): 117278
Published online Mar 15, 2026. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v18.i3.117278

Table 3 Base case: Cost-effectiveness outcomes

Strategy	Cost per 100000 participants (USD)	QALYs per 100000 participants	Incremental cost per 100000 participants (USD)		QALYs gained per 100000 participants		ICERs (USD per QALY gained)
Strategy	Cost per 100000 participants (USD)	QALYs per 100000 participants	Against no screening strategy	Among all strategies	Against no screening strategy	Among all strategies	Against no screening strategy	Among all strategies
No screening	4532190	1473925	-	-	-	-	-	-
Sponge cytology screening
Once	6452020	1474672	1919830	1919830	747	747	2571	2571
Every 10 years	8691075	1475723	4158885	4158885	1798	1798	2313	2313
Every 5 years	11823542	1476865	7291352	3132467	2940	1142	2480	2743
Every 3 years	15682730	1478055	11150540	3859188	4129	1190	2700	3244
Every 2 years	20115833	1479177	15583643	4433104	5252	1122	2967	3950
Every year	32781384	1481087	28249194	12665550	7162	1910	3944	6630
Endoscopic screening
Once	7019587	1474458	2487397	567568	532	-214	4671	Dominated
Every 10 years	9716978	1475250	5184788	1025903	1324	-473	3915	Dominated
Every 5 years	13676309	1476120	9144119	185767	2194	-745	4167	Dominated
Every 3 years	18773932	1477073	1424742	3091202	3147	-982	4525	Dominated
Every 2 years	24851313	1478033	20319123	4735480	4108	-1144	4946	Dominated
Every year	42263921	1479898	37731731	9482537	5972	-1189	6318	Dominated

Dominated, negative incremental cost-effective ratios are regarded as dominated. Costs and quality-adjusted life years are reported per 100000 participants for each screening strategy. QALY: Quality-adjusted life year; ICER: Incremental cost-effective ratio.

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Citation: Xu YS, Gao Y, Jiao YF, Yu CT, Wang W, Wang TL, Chu C, Lin H, Xu JF, Xin L, Wang LW. Cost-effectiveness of sponge cytology test vs endoscopy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma screening in high-risk areas. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2026; 18(3): 117278
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5204/full/v18/i3/117278.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v18.i3.117278

Xu YS, Gao Y, Jiao YF, Yu CT, Wang W, Wang TL, Chu C, Lin H, Xu JF, Xin L, Wang LW. Cost-effectiveness of sponge cytology test vs endoscopy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma screening in high-risk areas. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2026; 18(3): 117278 [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v18.i3.117278]

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