Activation of interleukin-33/suppression of tumorigenicity 2 signaling contributes to gallbladder carcinoma-induced chronic pain

Figure 3 Intrathecal administration of an interleukin-33/suppression of tumorigenicity 2 signaling activator promoted the induction of gallbladder carcinoma-induced chronic pain in nude mice. A and B: Repetitive administration of recombinant interleukin-33 (90 ng, daily for three consecutive days) at 22, 23 and 24 days after the operation promoted hypersensitivity of the abdomen to mechanical stimulation and spontaneous visceral pain-related behavior; C and D: Repetitive administration of recombinant interleukin-33 (90 ng, daily for three consecutive days) at postoperative days 50, 51, and 52 did not exacerbate hypersensitivity of the abdomen to mechanical stimulation or promote spontaneous visceral pain-related behavior. Twelve mice were included in each of the groups. Drug administration is indicated by the arrow(s) on the corresponding day. Two-way ANOVA. ^bP < 0.01 vs control, ^cP < 0.05 vs control, and ^dP < 0.01 vs model + saline. rIL-33: Recombinant interleukin-33.