Isolated hepatic tuberculoma: A case report and review of the literature

Table 4 Summary of case reports of liver tuberculosis

No.	Ref.	Age	Immune status	Lesion location	Diagnostic method	IGRA result	Treatment duration	Outcome
1	Chen et al[21], 2003	56	Hepatitis C-related liver cirrhosis and end-stage renal disease	Liver segments IV, V	Ultrasound-guided biopsy	Not mentioned	Isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol for 6 months	Good recovery, asymptomatic at 1-year follow-up
2	Culafic et al[22], 2005	57	Immunocompetent	Liver segments III, IV and peritoneum	Laparoscopic biopsy	Not mentioned	Isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide for 12 months	Good recovery
3	Köksal et al[23], 2006	48	Diabetes mellitus	Posterior segment of right hepatic lobe	Ultrasound-guided percutaneous biopsy	Not mentioned	Isoniazid, rifampicin for 9 months; morphine floxacin, ethambutol for 3 months	Cure, abscess reduced in size
4	Kharrasse et al[5], 2014	44	Benign gastroesophageal reflux disease	Hepatic SVIII segment	Liver biopsy	Not mentioned	Isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide for 2 months, then isoniazid, rifampicin, and ethambutol for 4 months	Good recovery
5	Zhang et al[24], 2014	30	Hepatitis B history, pulmonary tuberculosis	Liver (multiple nodules)	CT-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy	Not mentioned	Rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol, plus prednisone and dioxacin for 1 year	Recovery, weight gain, normal CT at 6 months
6	Liao et al[25], 2015	40	Immunocompetent	Lung and liver	CT-guided percutaneous biopsy of the lung and liver	Not mentioned	INH, RFP, PZA, EMB (HRZE)	Symptoms relieved
7	Dawani et al[26], 2018	32	Immunocompetent	Liver and spleen	Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy	Quantiferon-TB test negative	Anti-tuberculous therapy for 6 months	Recovery, weight gain, ultrasound normal at 15-month follow-up
8	Ai et al[27], 2018	45	Immunocompetent	Liver (multiple masses)	Next-generation sequencing of liver tissue and ultrasound-guided biopsy	T-SPOT, TB positive	Rifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol, pyrazinamide, levofloxacin	Symptom resolution, asymptomatic at 8-week follow-up
9	Liang et al[28], 2018	58	Immunocompetent	Pancreas and liver	CT-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy of hepatic lesion	Not mentioned	Rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol for 2 months, then rifampicin and isoniazid for 4 months	Symptom resolution, asymptomatic at 2-year follow-up
10	Haque et al[29], 2019	58	Immunocompetent	Liver and gallbladder region	Peroperative frozen section biopsy	Not mentioned	Anti-tuberculous treatment for 1 year	Improvement, symptoms disappeared, weight gain
11	Pang et al[30], 2019	15	Immunocompetent	Hilar region of the liver	Postoperative pathological examination	The results of TBAB and T-SPOT were negative	Systemic anti tuberculosis treatment, a total of 6 months	Symptoms disappeared completely
12	Alsaif et al[31], 2021	47	Immunocompetent	Liver (HCC and tuberculosis co-existing)	CT-guided biopsy	Not mentioned	Rifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol, levofloxacin; duration not specified	Clinical improvement, fever resolved, tumor not resected
13	Hao et al[32], 2023	38	Hepatitis B history, hepatobiliary adenocarcinoma	Liver	Postoperative pathology	Not mentioned	Standard antituberculous treatment for 1 year	Recovery well
14	Hao et al[32], 2023	51	Immunocompetent	Liver	Laparoscopic biopsy	Not mentioned	Rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol for 2 months, then rifampicin and isoniazid for 4 months	Abdominal pain resolved, good outcome

IGRA: Interferon-gamma release assay; INH: Isoniazid; RFP: Rifampicin; PZA: Pyrazinamide; EMB: Ethambutol; HRZE: Isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol; CT: Computed tomography; T-SPOT: Enzyme-linked immunospot assay for T cells for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection; TB: Tuberculosis.