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Retrospective Study
Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026.
World J Gastrointest Oncol. Mar 15, 2026; 18(3): 115737
Published online Mar 15, 2026. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v18.i3.115737
Table 2 Clinical characteristics and short-term outcomes of different resection groups, n (%)

EMR (n = 66)
ESD (n = 26)
ESD-S (n = 32)
Statistic value
P value
Age, years63.0 ± 9.455.7 ± 9.457.2 ± 12.3F = 6.3140.002
Gender, male/female39/2715/1117/15χ2 = 0.3160.859
Tumor locationχ2 = 1.2210.946
    Bulb2179
    Descending segment441923
    Horizontal segment100
Tumor size, cm1.16 (0.99-1.32)1.50 (1.16-1.83)1.13 (0.87-1.38)F = 2.4980.087
Procedure time, minute5.8 (4.4-7.2)50.7 (35.3-66.2)32.6 (20.0-45.1)Hc = 78.517< 0.001
Pathology
Adenoma/adenocarcinoma53 (80.3)19 (73.1)24 (75.0)χ2 = 0.7020.743
    Brunner’s gland adenoma12 (18.2)1 (3.8)2 (6.3)χ2 = 4.9910.083
    Neuroendocrine tumor1 (1.5)5 (19.2)6 (18.6)χ2 = 10.7590.006
    Follicular lymphoma0 (0)1 (3.8)0 (0)χ2 = 3.8000.210
En bloc resection58 (87.9)26 (100)30 (93.8)χ2 = 3.8880.129
Complete resection58 (87.9)21 (80.8)28 (87.5)χ2 = 0.8500.734
Adverse events
    Intraprocedural perforation0 (0)0 (0)1 (3.1)χ2 = 2.8980.468
    Delayed perforation1 (1.5)0 (0)3 (9.4)χ2 = 5.3610.081


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