©The Author(s) 2026.
World J Gastrointest Oncol. Feb 15, 2026; 18(2): 115515
Published online Feb 15, 2026. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v18.i2.115515
Published online Feb 15, 2026. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v18.i2.115515
Table 2 Study quality evaluation via the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale
| Ref. | Representativeness of the exposed cohort | Selection of the non-exposed cohort | Ascertainment of exposure | Outcome not present at baseline | Control for age | Control for other confounding factors | Assessment of outcome | Enough long follow-up duration | Adequacy of follow-up of cohorts | Total |
| Schrock et al[15], 2019 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Loupakis et al[16], 2020 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
| Yang et al[19], 2022 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 7 |
| Sun et al[18], 2021 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 7 |
| Sahin et al[17], 2021 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Li et al[20], 2022 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| Nie et al[21], 2022 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
| Zhang et al[22], 2022 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| Chen et al[23], 2023 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Saberzadeh-Ardestani et al[24], 2023 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| Yang et al[25], 2023 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Zhao et al[28], 2024 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Kim et al[26], 2024 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Saberzadeh-Ardestani et al[27], 2024 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Fakih et al[29], 2024 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| Fakih et al[30], 2024 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
- Citation: Xiang MY, Tuo ZM, Sa XK, Wang P, Bian JW, Zhang XM. Impact of liver metastasis on the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors for advanced colorectal cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2026; 18(2): 115515
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5204/full/v18/i2/115515.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v18.i2.115515