Endoscopic vs laparoscopic resection for gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors: Oncological outcomes

Table 3 Comparison of postoperative complications between the two groups, n (%)

Complication type & management	Total (n = 90)	Endoscopic (n = 45)	Laparoscopic (n = 45)	P value
Overall complications (Clavien-Dindo ≥ II)	15 (16.7)	5 (11.1)	10 (22.2)	0.152
By grade
Grade II	10 (11.1)	4 (8.9)	6 (13.3)	0.506
Grade IIIa	4 (4.4)	1 (2.2)	3 (6.7)	0.617
Grade IIIb	1 (1.1)	0 (0.0)	1 (2.2)	1.000
Grade IV-V	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	-
By type
Bleeding - endoscopic hemostasis/transfusion	6 (6.6)	2 (4.4)	4 (8.8)	0.398
Perforation/fistula - conservative treatment/aspiration drainage	3 (3.3)	1 (2.2)	2 (4.4)	1.000
Intra-abdominal infection - antibiotics/aspiration drainage	3 (3.3)	2 (4.4)	1 (2.2)	1.000
Pulmonary infection - antibiotic treatment	4 (4.4)	1 (2.2)	3 (6.7)	0.617
Others	1 (1.1)	0 (0.0)	1 (2.2)	1.000

P values were derived from χ² tests or Fisher's exact tests. One patient may have more than one complication.