Risk prediction for chronic atrophic gastritis using a random forest model: A multicenter study

doi:10.4251/wjgo.v18.i2.113959

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology

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1948-5204

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Retrospective Study

World J Gastrointest Oncol. Feb 15, 2026; 18(2): 113959
Published online Feb 15, 2026. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v18.i2.113959

Table 2 Clinical characteristics of the participants, n (%)

Variables	Total (n = 1268)	Non-CAG (n = 649)	CAG (n = 619)	Statistic	P value
PGR, M (Q₁, Q₃)	11.10 (8.57, 13.60)	12.10 (10.10, 14.20)	9.81 (7.33, 12.35)	Z¹ = -10.79	< 0.001^a
Age (year), M (Q₁, Q₃)	57.00 (52.00, 63.00)	56.00 (50.00, 61.00)	59.00 (53.50, 64.00)	Z¹ = -6.28	< 0.001^a
BMI (kg/m²), M (Q₁, Q₃)	23.44 (21.50, 25.39)	23.38 (21.36, 25.39)	23.51 (21.63, 25.44)	Z¹ = -0.30	0.762
Sleep, M (Q₁, Q₃)	7.00 (6.00, 8.00)	7.00 (6.00, 8.00)	7.00 (6.00, 8.00)	Z¹ = -0.85	0.394
Gender				χ² = 11.89	< 0.001^a
Male	532 (41.96)	242 (37.29)	290 (46.85)
Female	736 (58.04)	407 (62.71)	329 (53.15)
Education level				χ² = 1.95	0.162
Junior high school or below	930 (73.34)	465 (71.65)	465 (75.12)
Above junior high school	338 (26.66)	184 (28.35)	154 (24.88)
Symptoms				χ² = 3.61	0.058
None	1015 (80.05)	506 (77.97)	509 (82.23)
Present	253 (19.95)	143 (22.03)	110 (17.77)
Smoke				χ² = 21.00	< 0.001^a
None	909 (71.69)	502 (77.35)	407 (65.75)
Present	359 (28.31)	147 (22.65)	212 (34.25)
Long-term tea drinking history²				χ² = 5.15	0.023^a
None	892 (70.35)	475 (73.19)	417 (67.37)
Present	376 (29.65)	174 (26.81)	202 (32.63)
Dietary temperature preference				χ² = 0.00	0.978
Moderate temperature	1084 (85.49)	555 (85.52)	529 (85.46)
Overly hot or cold	184 (14.51)	94 (14.48)	90 (14.54)
Salt intake				χ² = 1.88	0.170
Normal or less	1207 (95.19)	623 (95.99)	584 (94.35)
Excessive	61 (4.81)	26 (4.01)	35 (5.65)
Drink				χ² = 2.45	0.118
None	1040 (82.02)	543 (83.67)	497 (80.29)
Present	228 (17.98)	106 (16.33)	122 (19.71)
Fruit				χ² = 10.48	0.001^a
Less than 5 times per week	617 (48.66)	287 (44.22)	330 (53.31)
Greater than 5 times per week	651 (51.34)	362 (55.78)	289 (46.69)
Asleep				χ² = 0.99	0.321
None	893 (70.43)	449 (69.18)	444 (71.73)
Present	375 (29.57)	200 (30.82)	175 (28.27)
Hypertension				χ² = 0.92	0.338
None	840 (66.25)	438 (67.49)	402 (64.94)
Present	428 (33.75)	211 (32.51)	217 (35.06)
Diabetes				χ² = 0.08	0.778
None	1140 (89.91)	585 (90.14)	555 (89.66)
Present	128 (10.09)	64 (9.86)	64 (10.34)
Tumor				χ² = 0.07	0.798
None	879 (69.32)	452 (69.65)	427 (68.98)
Present	389 (30.68)	197 (30.35)	192 (31.02)
Gastric				χ² = 3.71	0.054
None	1132 (89.27)	590 (90.91)	542 (87.56)
Present	136 (10.73)	59 (9.09)	77 (12.44)
H. pylori				χ² = 314.29	< 0.001^a
Negative	616 (48.58)	473 (72.88)	143 (23.10)
Positive	652 (51.42)	176 (27.12)	476 (76.90)

¹Mann-Whitney test.

²Tea consumption frequency greater than once per week.

^aP < 0.05.

CAG: Chronic atrophic gastritis; M: Median, Q₁: 1^st quartile, Q₃: 3^st quartile; BMI: Body mass index; PGR: Pepsinogen I/II ratio; H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori.

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Citation: Cao H, Han JL, Wu H, Si SP, Ding LJ, Ji L, Zhang HZ, Yin J, Zhou ZY, Zhang YN, Lv ZF, Tian WY, Zhan Q, Wang H, An FM. Risk prediction for chronic atrophic gastritis using a random forest model: A multicenter study. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2026; 18(2): 113959
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5204/full/v18/i2/113959.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v18.i2.113959

Cao H, Han JL, Wu H, Si SP, Ding LJ, Ji L, Zhang HZ, Yin J, Zhou ZY, Zhang YN, Lv ZF, Tian WY, Zhan Q, Wang H, An FM. Risk prediction for chronic atrophic gastritis using a random forest model: A multicenter study. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2026; 18(2): 113959 [PMID: 41695920 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v18.i2.113959]

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