Fatty acid desaturase 1 drives esophageal cancer via M1 macrophage ferroptosis and lipid metabolism remodeling

Figure 7 Fatty acid desaturase 1 promotes lipid raft formation in M1 macrophages via 1-palmitoyl-2-stearoyl-glycerophosphocholine (16:0/18:0). M1 macrophages were divided into four groups: Control (siRNA negative control), fatty acid desaturase 1 knockdown (si-FADS1), phosphatidylcholine (PC) (16:0/18:0) treatment, and si-FADS1 combined with PC treatment (si-FADS1 + PC). Lipid raft formation was assessed by immunofluorescence staining for caveolin-1 (green), with nuclei counterstained with 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (blue). Representative fluorescence images show that caveolin-1 fluorescence intensity was significantly lower in the si-FADS1 group than in the siRNA negative control group, markedly increased in the PC treatment group, and partially restored by PC treatment in si-FADS1 cells (si-FADS1 + PC). FADS: Fatty acid desaturase; PC: Phosphatidylcholine; DAPI: 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole.