GINS complex couples DNA replication stress to therapeutic resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma

doi:10.4251/wjgo.124074

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology

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1948-5204

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Gastrointest Oncol. Nov 15, 2026; 18(11): 124074
Published online Nov 15, 2026. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.124074

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Figure 2 Regulatory model of the GINS-CMG complex and replication stress. The diagram summarizes formation of the CMG helicase from the GINS tetramer, CDC45, and MCM2-7, and illustrates how increased replication stress may activate ATR-CHK1, PCNA, POLE, RAD51, and PARP-related responses to support fork stabilization, checkpoint activation, DNA damage sensing and repair, and fork protection.

Citation: Yang HW, Chen X, Wu WJ, Yang L, Fang XB. GINS complex couples DNA replication stress to therapeutic resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2026; 18(11): 124074
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5204/full/v18/i11/124074.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.124074

Yang HW, Chen X, Wu WJ, Yang L, Fang XB. GINS complex couples DNA replication stress to therapeutic resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2026; 18(11): 124074 [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.124074]

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