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World J Gastrointest Oncol. Nov 15, 2026; 18(11): 124074
Published online Nov 15, 2026. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.124074
Figure 1
Figure 1 Integrated model of the GINS axis promoting progression, stemness and drug resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma. Chronic liver disease, oncogene/E2F activation, and GINS upregulation may enhance CMG helicase activity and replication stress adaptation, thereby intersecting with epithelial-mesenchymal transition/invasion, cancer stem-like cell maintenance, therapeutic resistance, recurrence, metastasis, and poor prognosis. HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; EMT: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition; CSC: Cancer stem cell.


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