Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026.
World J Gastrointest Oncol. Nov 15, 2026; 18(11): 124074
Published online Nov 15, 2026. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.124074
Published online Nov 15, 2026. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.124074
Figure 1 Integrated model of the GINS axis promoting progression, stemness and drug resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma.
Chronic liver disease, oncogene/E2F activation, and GINS upregulation may enhance CMG helicase activity and replication stress adaptation, thereby intersecting with epithelial-mesenchymal transition/invasion, cancer stem-like cell maintenance, therapeutic resistance, recurrence, metastasis, and poor prognosis. HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; EMT: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition; CSC: Cancer stem cell.
- Citation: Yang HW, Chen X, Wu WJ, Yang L, Fang XB. GINS complex couples DNA replication stress to therapeutic resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2026; 18(11): 124074
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5204/full/v18/i11/124074.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.124074