Resveratrol suppresses ulcerative colitis and colitis-associated colorectal cancer via modulating the miR-31-5p/SATB2 axis

Figure 6 Resveratrol suppresses the development of azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis-associated colorectal cancer. A: Schematic overview of the azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) model in C57BL/6 mice; B: Dynamic changes in body weight following AOM/DSS treatment with or without resveratrol. ^bP < 0.01 vs control; C: Representative hematoxylin and eosin stains of colonic tissues showing morphological alterations (scale bar = 50 μm, 100 μm); D: Effects of Res on colon length in AOM/DSS-induced CAC mice. ^bP < 0.01 vs control, ^dP < 0.05 vs AOM/DSS; E: Effects of Res on spleen index (spleen weight/body weight) in AOM/DSS-induced CAC mice. ^bP < 0.01 vs control, ^dP < 0.05 vs AOM/DSS; F: Western blots of SATB2 protein expression in colonic tissues from CAC mice treated with Res. ^aP < 0.05 vs control, ^bP < 0.01 vs control, ^dP < 0.05 vs AOM/DSS; G: Western blots of mitochondrial apoptosis-related protein expression levels (Bax, Bcl-2, cytochrome C, caspase-9, and caspase-3) in colonic tissues. ^aP < 0.05 vs control, ^bP < 0.01 vs control, ^eP < 0.01 vs AOM/DSS; H: Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP Nick End Labeling staining showing apoptotic cells in colonic tissues from CAC mice (scale bar = 50 μm). ^aP < 0.05 vs control, ^dP < 0.05 vs AOM/DSS; I: Immunohistochemistry stains of SATB2, proliferation markers (Ki67 and β-catenin), and inflammatory signaling proteins (Toll-like receptor 4 and nuclear factor-κB) in CAC mouse colonic tissues (scale bar = 100 μm). ^aP < 0.05 vs control, ^bP < 0.01 vs control, ^dP < 0.05 vs AOM/DSS, ^eP < 0.01 vs AOM/DSS; J: Hematoxylin and eosin staining of heart, liver, and kidney tissues showing no apparent toxicity of Res in CAC mice (scale bar = 50 μm, 100 μm). NS: Not significant; AOM: Azoxymethane; DSS: Dextran sulfate sodium; Res: Resveratrol; Cyt-C: Cytochrome C; TLR-4: Toll-like receptor 4; NF-κB: Nuclear factor-κB; IHC: Immunohistochemistry.