Resveratrol suppresses ulcerative colitis and colitis-associated colorectal cancer via modulating the miR-31-5p/SATB2 axis

Figure 3 MiR-31 overexpression exacerbates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice. A: Schematic timeline of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in miR-31 transgenic mice; B: Body weight changes with colitis induction. ^bP < 0.01 vs control, ^dP < 0.05 vs DSS; C: Representative hematoxylin and eosin-stained colonic sections from each group (scale bar = 50 μm, 100 μm); D: Histopathological injury scores. ^aP < 0.05 vs control, ^bP < 0.01 vs control, ^eP < 0.01 vs DSS; E: Colon length measurements. ^aP < 0.05 vs control, ^bP < 0.01 vs control, ^dP < 0.05 vs DSS; F: Spleen index (spleen weight/body weight). ^bP < 0.01 vs control, ^eP < 0.01 vs DSS; G: Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis of miR-31 expression in colonic tissues. ^aP < 0.05 vs control, ^dP < 0.05 vs DSS; H: Representative western blots and quantification of inflammatory protein expression levels (cyclooxygenase-2, iNOS, tumor necrosis factor-α) in colonic tissues. ^aP < 0.05 vs control, ^bP < 0.01 vs control, ^eP < 0.01 vs DSS (n = 5); I: Representative western blots and quantification of mitochondrial apoptosis-related protein expression levels (cytochrome C, caspase-9, caspase-3) in colonic tissues. ^aP < 0.05 vs control, ^bP < 0.01 vs control, ^dP < 0.05 vs control, ^eP < 0.01 vs DSS (n = 5); J: Representative immunohistochemistry images and semi-quantitative analysis of Toll-like receptor 4, nuclear factor-κB, cyclooxygenase-2, and tumor necrosis factor-α expression levels (scale bar = 100 μm, n = 3). ^aP < 0.05 vs control, ^bP < 0.01 vs control, ^dP < 0.05 vs DSS, ^eP < 0.01 vs DSS; K: Representative terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP Nick End Labeling staining of apoptotic cells in colonic tissues (scale bar = 50 μm) and quantitative analysis of the apoptotic index. ^aP < 0.05 vs control, ^bP < 0.01 vs control, ^eP < 0.01 vs DSS (n = 3). NS: Not significant; DSS: Dextran sulfate sodium; COX-2: Cyclooxygenase-2; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-α; Cyt-C: Cytochrome C; TLR-4: Toll-like receptor 4; NF-κB: Nuclear factor-κB; IHC: Immunohistochemistry.