Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026.
World J Gastrointest Oncol. Oct 15, 2026; 18(10): 122464
Published online Oct 15, 2026. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.122464
Published online Oct 15, 2026. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.122464
Table 1 Clinical and image characteristics of patients in different cohorts, n (%)
| Item | Training (n = 155) | Internal validation (n = 67) | External validation (n = 74) | P value |
| Tumor size (cm) | 2.91 (1.64) | 2.68 (0.98) | 2.70 (1.18) | 0.408 |
| Age (years) | 57.9 (11.1) | 58.8 (12.4) | 58.6 (12.0) | 0.853 |
| Sex | 0.833 | |||
| Female | 30 (19.4) | 13 (19.4) | 12 (16.2) | |
| Male | 125 (80.6) | 54 (80.6) | 62 (83.8) | |
| HBV | 0.435 | |||
| Positive | 53 (34.2) | 29 (43.3) | 27 (36.5) | |
| Negative | 102 (65.8) | 38 (56.7) | 47 (63.5) | |
| Cirrhosis | 0.261 | |||
| Positive | 28 (18.1) | 17 (25.4) | 11 (14.9) | |
| Negative | 127 (81.9) | 50 (74.6) | 63 (85.1) | |
| N | 0.949 | |||
| < 1.8 | 64 (41.3) | 24 (35.8) | 28 (37.8) | |
| 1.8-6.3 | 89 (57.4) | 42 (62.7) | 45 (60.8) | |
| > 6.3 | 2 (1.29) | 1 (1.49) | 1 (1.35) | |
| L | 0.583 | |||
| ≥ 1.1 | 67 (43.2) | 31 (46.3) | 28 (37.8) | |
| < 1.1 | 88 (56.8) | 36 (53.7) | 46 (62.2) | |
| ALT | 0.085 | |||
| ≤ 50 | 115 (74.2) | 47 (70.1) | 63 (85.1) | |
| > 50 | 40 (25.8) | 20 (29.9) | 11 (14.9) | |
| AST | 0.347 | |||
| > 40 | 68 (43.9) | 27 (40.3) | 25 (33.8) | |
| ≤ 40 | 87 (56.1) | 40 (59.7) | 49 (66.2) | |
| GGT | 0.805 | |||
| ≤ 60 | 85 (54.8) | 38 (56.7) | 38 (51.4) | |
| > 60 | 70 (45.2) | 29 (43.3) | 36 (48.6) | |
| GLB | 0.444 | |||
| ≤ 35 | 122 (78.7) | 52 (77.6) | 63 (85.1) | |
| > 35 | 33 (21.3) | 15 (22.4) | 11 (14.9) | |
| HbsAg | 0.757 | |||
| Positive | 28 (18.1) | 13 (19.4) | 11 (14.9) | |
| Negative | 127 (81.9) | 54 (80.6) | 63 (85.1) | |
| AFP | 0.167 | |||
| < 40 | 39 (25.2) | 20 (29.9) | 15 (20.3) | |
| 40-400 | 92 (59.4) | 30 (44.8) | 47 (63.5) | |
| > 400 | 24 (15.5) | 17 (25.4) | 12 (16.2) | |
| Np | 0.933 | |||
| < 1.8 | 31 (20.0) | 10 (14.9) | 14 (18.9) | |
| 1.8-6.3 | 70 (45.2) | 33 (49.3) | 34 (45.9) | |
| > 6.3 | 54 (34.8) | 24 (35.8) | 26 (35.1) | |
| Lp | 0.968 | |||
| ≥ 1.1 | 101 (65.2) | 43 (64.2) | 49 (66.2) | |
| < 1.1 | 54 (34.8) | 24 (35.8) | 25 (33.8) | |
| ALTp | 0.504 | |||
| ≤ 50 | 33 (21.3) | 13 (19.4) | 20 (27.0) | |
| > 50 | 122 (78.7) | 54 (80.6) | 54 (73.0) | |
| ASTp | 0.483 | |||
| > 40 | 136 (87.7) | 62 (92.5) | 64 (86.5) | |
| ≤ 40 | 19 (12.3) | 5 (7.46) | 10 (13.5) | |
| GGTp | 0.965 | |||
| ≤ 60 | 92 (59.4) | 41 (61.2) | 44 (59.5) | |
| > 60 | 63 (40.6) | 26 (38.8) | 30 (40.5) | |
| GLBp | 0.972 | |||
| ≤ 35 | 115 (74.2) | 50 (74.6) | 54 (73.0) | |
| > 35 | 40 (25.8) | 17 (25.4) | 20 (27.0) | |
| Capsule appearance | 0.136 | |||
| Positive | 97 (62.6) | 39 (58.2) | 36 (48.6) | |
| Negative | 58 (37.4) | 28 (41.8) | 38 (51.4) | |
| Intratumor vascularity | 0.811 | |||
| Positive | 60 (38.7) | 28 (41.8) | 27 (36.5) | |
| Negative | 95 (61.3) | 39 (58.2) | 47 (63.5) | |
| Tumor growth patter | 0.612 | |||
| Positive | 113 (72.9) | 53 (79.1) | 56 (75.7) | |
| Negative | 42 (27.1) | 14 (20.9) | 18 (24.3) | |
| Intratumor necrosis | 0.781 | |||
| Positive | 92 (59.4) | 39 (58.2) | 47 (63.5) | |
| Negative | 63 (40.6) | 28 (41.8) | 27 (36.5) | |
| PACE | 0.607 | |||
| Positive | 123 (79.4) | 54 (80.6) | 55 (74.3) | |
| Negative | 32 (20.6) | 13 (19.4) | 19 (25.7) | |
| Tumor margin | 0.648 | |||
| Positive | 100 (64.5) | 39 (58.2) | 45 (60.8) | |
| Negative | 55 (35.5) | 28 (41.8) | 29 (39.2) | |
| Ablation method | 0398 | |||
| RFA | 44 (28.4) | 21 (31.3) | 16 (21.6) | |
| MWA | 111 (71.6) | 46 (68.7) | 58 (7.4) | |
| PFS | 0.659 | |||
| Absent | 93 (60.0) | 41 (61.2) | 49 (66.2) | |
| Present | 62 (40.0) | 26 (38.8) | 25 (33.8) |
- Citation: Li YH, Yao L, Qian GX, Lei XD, Tang ZQ, Guo BY, Du R, Zhu Y, Jia WD. Deep learning-enhanced peritumoral radiomics predicts early recurrence after hepatocellular carcinoma ablation: A two-center study. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2026; 18(10): 122464
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5204/full/v18/i10/122464.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.122464