Tight junction proteins: Gatekeepers turned facilitators in the pathogenesis of gastric adenocarcinoma

Table 2 Claudin based immunotherapy for gastric cancer patients

No.	Targeted TJ proteins	Therapeutic agent(s)	Development stages in GC	Effect in GC patients	Ref.
1	Claudin 18.2 mAb	CMG901	Phase I	Demonstrated a manageable safety profile and promising antitumor activity	[93]
2	Claudin 18.2 mAb	IBI343	Phase I	Demonstrated a manageable safety profile with low gastrointestinal adverse events and showed promising efficacy	[94]
3	Claudin 18.2 mAb	CAR T-cell therapy, CT041	Phase II	Demonstrated significant improvement in progression-free survival, with a manageable safety profile	[95]
4	Claudin 18.2 mAb	Zolbetuximab plus mFOLFOX6	Phase III	Significantly prolonged progression-free survival and overall survival compared with placebo	[101]
5	Claudin 18.2 mAb	Zolbetuximab (IMAB362) combined with EOX	Phase II	Provided longer progression-free survival and overall survival compared with EOX alone. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival, while overall survival was assessed as a secondary endpoint	[102]
6	Claudin 18.2 mAb	Zolbetuximab	Phase I	Antitumor activity of IMAB362, both as a single agent and in combination with standard therapeutics, was observed	[103]
7	Claudin 18.2 mAb	Claudiximab	Phase II	Demonstrated significant efficacy and a favorable safety profile	[104]

TJ: Tight junction; GC: Gastric cancer; CAR: Chimeric antigen receptor; EOX: Epirubicin, oxaliplatin and capecitabine.