Multimodal clinical parameters-based immune status associated with the prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

Table 1 Survival predictors of routine blood tests in hepatocellular carcinoma

Ref.	Patients	Simple size	Variables	Threshold	Prediction performance
Liu et al[16]	HCC treated with hepatectomy	315	AST (U/L)		The median (Q1, Q3) data are 34 (27.5, 47.5) of group no recurrence, 40 (30, 50.75) of group recurrence, P = 0.041
Liu et al[16]	HCC treated with hepatectomy	315	ALT (U/L)		The median (Q1, Q3) data are 36 (24, 48) of group no recurrence, 40 (30, 56.75) of group recurrence, P = 0.042
Su et al[15]	HCC	2327	ALP (U/L)	172	The median OS in the high ALP group was significantly shorter than in the low ALP group (7.7 months vs 55.4 months)
Zhang et al[20]	HCC treated with hepatectomy	414	GGT (mg/L)	48.5	Kaplan-Meier analysis showed patients with GGT < 48.5 had significantly longer overall survival (P = 0.000)
Zhang et al[20]	HCC treated with LT	155	LDH (U/L)	80.5	Kaplan-Meier analysis showed high LDH levels significantly correlated with poor RFS (P = 0.001) and OS (P = 0.008)
Carr et al[21]	HCC	995	CRP (mg/L)	10, 50	With increase in CRP grouping, significant trend for increase in each of AFP, MTD and percent PVT parameters were found
Utsumi et al[22]	HCC	173	LCR	9500	Kaplan-Meier analysis showed high LCR group patients had longer RFS and OS compared to the low LCR group
Wen et al[24]	HCC	126	NLR	3.867	Median survival time was higher in patients with NLR (not achieved vs 18 months, P = 0.014)
Pang et al[18]	HCC treated by hepatic resection	172	PLT (/L)	148 × 109	Kaplan-Meier curves stratified by PLT (P = 0.021) showed significantly higher recurrence rates in non-cirrhotic patients with PLT ≥ 148 × 109/L
Ismael et al[25]	HCC treated with LT	212	PLR	150	PLR ≥ 150 to be a strong predictor of worse 5-year OS (40.2% vs 79.4%) and RFS (70.2% vs 95.9%) in HCC patients
Wang et al[26]	HCC treated with TACE	53	IL-2 (pg/mL)	0.025	P value of time to progression equals to 0.031
Wang et al[26]	HCC treated with TACE	53	IL-6 (pg/mL)	4.400	P value of time to progression equals to 0.013; P value of OS equals to 0.007
Peng et al[27]	HCC	423	TGF-β1	High/low	HCC patients with higher TGF-β1 expression had a shorter OS compared to those with lower expression (HR = 1.417, 95%CI: 1.014-1.979, P = 0.0411)
Müller et al[28]	HCC treated with TACE	280	PNI	37.59	Low PNI patients had shorter median OS than high PNI patients (7.5 months vs 21.4 months, P < 0.001)
Li et al[30]	HCC	1334	CONUT	8	Postoperative CONUTS ≥ 8 was an independent risk factor for complication III-V (OR = 2.054, 95%CI: 1.371-3.078, P < 0.001)

HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; LT: Liver transplant; TACE: Transarterial chemoembolization; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; LDH: Lactate dehydrogenase; CRP: C-reactive protein; LCR: Lymphocyte-to-C-reactive protein ratio; NLR: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; PLT: Platelet count; PLR: Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio; IL-2: Interleukin-2; IL-6: Interleukin-6; TGF-β1: Transforming growth factor β1; PNI: Prognostic nutritive index; CONUT: Controlling nutritional status; OS: Overall survival; RFS: Recurrence-free survival; AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein; MTD: Maximum tumor dimension; PVT: Portal vein thrombosis; HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval; OR: Odds ratio.