Discrepancies between preoperative assessment and final pathological criteria in early gastric cancer

Table 5 Multivariate analysis of factors associated with preoperative-postoperative assessment discrepancies

Variable		P value	Exp(B)	95% confidence interval
				Lower	Upper
Under-estimated
History of smoking	Yes	0.108	1.357	0.935	1.969
	No	Reference
Location	Upper	< 0.001	2.158	1.373	3.390
	Middle	0.536	1.151	0.738	1.794
	Lower	Reference
Pathology	Undifferentiated	< 0.001	0.104	0.045	0.241
	Differentiated	Reference
Over-estimated
History of smoking	Yes	0.871	0.945	0.483	1.846
	No	Reference
Location	Upper	0.790	1.984	0.888	4.435
	Middle	0.851	0.916	0.436	1.923
	Lower	Reference
Pathology	Undifferentiated	0.416	2.005	1.036	3.879
	Differentiated	Reference

The variable reference category is the same-estimated. For same-estimated cases, postoperative management aligned with preoperative assessment, underestimated and overestimated groups represented cases requiring therapeutic escalation or de-escalation, respectively.