Predictive model for early postoperative stomal complications in colorectal cancer: A systematic review

Table 1 Studies on patient- and disease- related factors and stomal complications

Factors	Findings	Ref.
Age and gender	Elderly (> 65 years) women are at a higher risk of stomal complications	Yuan et al[6], Dai et al[7], Saghir et al[8], Nastro et al[9], Fish et al[10], Bai et al[11]
Nutritional status	Malnutrition is an independent, modifiable risk factor for stomal complications	Yuan et al[6], Ba et al[29]
Comorbid status and smoking	Unoptimized comorbidities lead to poor healing and increase stomal compilations	Dai et al[7], Nastro et al[9], Fish et al[10], Bai et al[11], Ba et al[29], Souwer et al[30]
Long-term immunosuppression	Increases risk of postoperative infections, impair tissue healing and prolonged hospitalization	Yuan et al[6], Dai et al[7]
ASA status prior to surgery	Grade III or worse has a significant correlation with stomal complications	Dai et al[7], Saghir et al[8], Nastro et al[9]
Obesity	BMI > 25 kg/m2 increases the risk of stomal complications as well as adds to the intraoperative difficulty	Dai et al[7], Nastro et al[9], Parmar et al[14]
Stage of carcinoma	Higher the TNM stage, more is the risk of stomal complications	Dai et al[7], Fish et al[10], Bai et al[11]
Preoperative chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy	It adversely affects the healing process	Fish et al[10], Bai et al[11], Ba et al[29]

ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; BMI: Body mass index; TNM: Tumor-node-metastasis.