Association between lifestyle factors and disease progression in patients with colorectal polyps and early-stage cancer

Table 4 Multivariate analysis of lifestyle factors associated with disease progression

Variable	Adjusted HR (95%CI)1	P value
Physical activity (vs low)
Moderate	0.71 (0.52-0.97)	0.032
High	0.55 (0.38-0.80)	0.002
Dietary pattern (vs poor adherence)
Moderate adherence	0.76 (0.56-1.03)	0.078
High adherence	0.62 (0.43-0.89)	0.009
Current smoking (vs never)	1.92 (1.35-2.73)	< 0.001
Poor sleep quality	1.38 (1.05-1.82)	0.021
High stress level	1.45 (1.12-1.88)	0.005
BMI (per 5 kg/m² increase)	1.28 (1.06-1.55)	0.011
Age (per 10 years)	1.15 (0.98-1.35)	0.089
Male sex	1.22 (0.91-1.64)	0.186

¹Adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, family history of colorectal cancer, comorbidities, and baseline disease characteristics.

BMI: Body mass index; HR: Hazard ratio.