Role of circulating tumor DNA methylation in gastric cancer initiation and progression: A comprehensive review

Figure 2 Applications of circulating free DNA liquid biopsy in the recurrent and/or metastatic setting. A: Genotyping assays permit the deployment of precision-therapy umbrella enrichment studies that seek to identify specific actionable alterations and assign patients (randomly or not) to matched therapies of interest on the basis of a putative predictive biomarker; B: Dynamic and response-guided studies take advantage of the potential for changes in circulating free DNA (ctDNA) levels after treatment to anticipate clinical response to inform a change in therapy; C: To evaluate the utility of ctDNA genotyping and monitoring in the management of metastatic disease. ctDNA: Circulating free DNA. Created with BioRender.com (Supplementary material).