Treatment options in patients with pancreatic cancer: A 10-year multicenter epidemiological investigation in China

Table 3 Analysis of risk factors affecting the prognosis of pancreatic cancer

	Univariate Cox regression		Multivariate Cox regression
	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value
Age, year
< 55	Reference		Reference
55-64	1.37 (1.08-1.76)	0.010	1.80 (1.29-2.50)	0.041
65-74	1.58 (1.22-2.05)	< 0.001	1.45 (1.03-2.04)	0.018
≥ 75	3.19 (2.34-4.34)	< 0.001	2.68 (1.67-4.32)	0.007
Sex
Male	Reference		Reference
Female	0.95 (0.78-1.16)	0.622	0.88 (0.65-1.18)	0.531
BMI
< 18.5	1.60 (1.23-2.07)	0.0003	2.13 (1.36-3.33)	0.002
(18.5-24)	Reference		Reference
(24-28)	0.75 (0.55-1.02)	0.062	0.97 (0.60-1.59)	0.394
≥ 28	0.75 (0.41-1.38)	0.355	0.28 (0.07-1.16)	0.697
History of pancreatitis
No	Reference		Reference
Yes	1.28 (0.76-2.14)	0.349	2.07 (1.02-4.19)	0.043
History of intestinal flora disorders
No	Reference		Reference
Yes	1.03 (0.63-1.67)	0.919	0.93 (0.54-1.61)	0.428
Family history of pancreatic malignancy
No	Reference		Reference
Yes	0.39 (0.10-1.57)	0.185	0.33 (0.14-1.35)	0.371
Smoking
Never	Reference		Reference
Ever	0.75 (0.54-1.05)	0.094	0.60 (0.35-1.04)	0.420
Now	0.97 (0.75-1.25)	0.818	0.88 (0.59-1.34)	0.782
Alcohol consumption
Never	Reference		Reference
Ever	1.00 (0.72-1.38)	0.993	1.10 (0.63-1.91)	0.346
Now	0.81 (0.60-1.09)	0.168	1.50 (0.91-2.46)	0.436
Diabetes mellitus
No	Reference		Reference
Yes	0.89 (0.68-1.18)	0.427	1.13 (0.77-1.66)	0.376
Staging of pancreatic cancer
Ⅰ	Reference		Reference
Ⅱ	1.48 (0.93-2.36)	0.099	1.72 (0.77-3.80)	0.183
Ⅲ	2.32 (1.49-3.62)	< 0.001	2.76 (1.02-7.44)	0.045
Ⅳ	2.12 (1.43-3.14)	0.001	2.03 (0.90-4.56)	0.085
Differentiation degree
Well	Reference		Reference
Moderately	0.91 (0.51-1.63)	0.757	0.98 (0.41-2.32)	0.964
Poorly	2.00 (1.15-3.45)	0.014	1.35 (0.58-3.13)	0.480
Surgery
No	Reference		Reference
Yes	0.57 (0.47-0.69)	< 0.001	0.48 (0.36-0.64)	0.036
Surgical margin
Positive	Reference		Reference
Negative	0.48 (0.33-0.69)	< 0.001	0.60 (0.24-0.99)	0.033
No. of lymph node metastasis
0	Reference		Reference
1-3	1.12 (0.84-1.49)	0.441	1.02 (0.56-1.87)	0.939
> 3	0.82 (0.46-1.46)	0.496	4.32 (1.01-18.52)	0.007
Chemotherapy
No	Reference		Reference
Yes	0.59 (0.48-0.71)	< 0.001	0.35 (0.21-0.60)	< 0.001
Ki-67
Negative	Reference		--
Positive	3.43 (0.45-26.31)	0.235	--
CK or AE1/AE3
Negative	Reference		--
Positive	6.39 (0.8-51.00)	0.080	--

Bold values indicated P < 0.05, which was statistically significant. Ki-67 and CK or AE1/AE3 were not included in multivariate Cox regression due to the small number of tested people. For the variables with P < 0.1 in the univariate analysis, we considered them to be factors that might affect the prognosis of pancreatic cancer and included them in the multivariate analysis. However, although other items had P > 0.01, they are still relevant risk factors suggested by previous studies, such as the history of pancreatitis and the history of intestinal flora disorders; therefore, these variables were included in the multivariate model. BMI: Body mass index; CI: Confidence interval; CK: Cytokeratin; HR: Hazard ratio.