Genetic evidence for the causal influence of inflammatory factors on intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma risk

Figure 5 Validation of causal associations between specific inflammatory factors and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma risk in an independent cohort. A: Forest plot showing the odds ratios with 95%CI for inflammatory factors previously identified in the discovery cohort, evaluated in the validation cohort using the Inverse-Variance weighted (IVW) Mendelian randomization (MR) method; B: Scatter plot illustrating the causal association between genetically predicted artemin levels and ICC risk, analyzed using five MR methods (IVW, weighted median, MR-Egger, simple mode, and weighted mode); C: Scatter plot illustrating the causal association between genetically predicted matrix metalloproteinase-10 levels and ICC risk, using the same five MR methods. ICC: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; MR: Mendelian randomization; IVW: Inverse-Variance weighted method; OR: Odds ratio; SNPs: Single nucleotide polymorphisms; Nsnp: Number of SNPs.