Genetic evidence for the causal influence of inflammatory factors on intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma risk

Figure 4 Results of reverse Mendelian randomization analysis examining intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma as the exposure and specific inflammatory factors as the outcomes. A: A forest plot displays the significant causal effects of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) on programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 levels; B: Scatter plots were employed to illustrate the causal relationship between ICC and programmed cell death ligand 1 levels, using five different Mendelian randomization methods; C: Forest plots from "leave-one-out" sensitivity analyses, illustrating the influence of individual single nucleotide polymorphisms on the overall results. ICC: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; MR: Mendelian randomization; IVW: Inverse-Variance weighted method; OR: Odds ratio; SNPs: Single nucleotide polymorphisms; Nsnp: Number of SNPs.