Adoptive cell therapy in colorectal cancer: Advances in chimeric antigen receptor T cells

Figure 4 Challenges in adoptive cell therapy for colorectal cancer. Schematic diagram of the challenges in adoptive cell therapy for colorectal cancer, including immune evasion, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, insufficient immune cell infiltration, antigen heterogeneity, off-target effects, cytokine release syndrome, and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome. TME: Tumor microenvironment; CRS: Cytokine release syndrome; ICANS: Immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome. (Created with BioRender.com).