Adoptive cell therapy in colorectal cancer: Advances in chimeric antigen receptor T cells

Figure 2 Schematic diagram of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes construction and preparation. The process includes tumor digestion and tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) isolation, interleukin (IL)-2-mediated culture and expansion, tumor antigen recognition assessment via enzyme linked immune spot assay, and rapid expansion using activating antibodies or magnetic beads. Expanded TILs are cryopreserved and transferred to treatment centers. Before infusion, patients receive lymphodepleting chemotherapy, followed by IL-2 administration to stimulate TIL proliferation and activation. TIL: Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte; IL: Interleukin; ELISPOT: Enzyme-linked immune spot assay; CD: Cluster of differentiation. (Created with BioRender.com).