Adoptive cell therapy in colorectal cancer: Advances in chimeric antigen receptor T cells

Figure 1 Schematic diagram of chimeric antigen receptor-T cell construction and preparation. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T therapy involves isolating T cells from the patient’s blood, genetically engineering them to express CARs, and expanding the modified cells in vitro. After lymphodepleting therapy, the engineered CAR-T cells are infused back into the patient, where they recognize and eliminate tumor cells. PBMC: Peripheral blood mononuclear cell; CAR: Chimeric antigen receptor; scFv: Single-chain variable fragments; VL: Variable region of light chain; VH: Variable region of heavy chain. (Created with BioRender.com).