Predicting gastric cancer survival using machine learning: A systematic review

Table 3 Risk of bias and applicability assessment of included articles based on the Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool criteria

Ref.	Risk of bias				Concern regarding applicability			Overall
	Participant	Predictors	Outcomes	Analysis	Participant	Predictors	Outcomes	Risk of bias	Concern regarding applicability
Rahman et al[19] (2021)	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Moderate	Low	Low	Moderate
Chen et al[20] (2019)	Low	Low	Moderate	Low	Low	Low	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate
Tian et al[21] (2024)	Low	Low	Low	High	Moderate	Low	Low	High	Moderate
Islam et al[29] (2024)	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Chen et al[22] (2024)	High	Low	Low	High	Moderate	Low	Low	High	Moderate
Kuwayama et al[30] (2023)	Low	Low	Low	Moderate	Moderate	Low	Low	Moderate	Moderate
Zeng et al[27] (2024)	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Wu et al[25] (2024)	Moderate	Low	Low	Low	Moderate	Moderate	Low	Moderate	Moderate
Li et al[26] (2022)	Low	Low	Low	Low	Moderate	Low	Low	Low	Low
Aznar-Gimeno et al[32] (2024)	Low	Low	Low	Low	Moderate	Moderate	Low	Low	Moderate
Jiang et al[34] (2022)	Low	Low	Low	High	Low	Low	Low	High	Low
Li et al[28] (2024)	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Liao et al[33] (2024)	Low	Low	Low	Moderate	Low	Moderate	Low	Moderate	Moderate
Wei et al[23] (2022)	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Afrash et al[31] (2023)	Moderate	Low	Low	Moderate	Low	Moderate	Low	Moderate	Moderate
Zeng et al[27] (2023)	Low	Low	Low	Low	Moderate	Low	Low	Low	Moderate