Copyright
©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Gastrointest Oncol. May 15, 2025; 17(5): 103804
Published online May 15, 2025. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v17.i5.103804
Published online May 15, 2025. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v17.i5.103804
Table 1 Extracted characteristics of the included articles
Ref. | Country | Data source | Samples | Pre-processing | Feature selection | Survival | Data types | Machine learning algorithms | Validation | Evaluation | Hyperparameter tuning |
Rahman et al[19] (2021) | United Kingdom | NOGCA (2012-2018) | 2931 | Yes | Yes | OS | Clinical | RF | Internal | AUC, C-index, Brier-score, Calibration | No |
Chen et al[20] (2019) | China | TANRICTCGA | 134 | Yes | Yes | OS, DFS | Clinical, molecular | SVM | Internal | C-index, AUC | Yes |
Tian et al[21] (2024) | China | Zhongshan Hospital | 1120 | Yes | No | OS, DFS | Clinical, image | DL | Internal, external | C-index, AUC | Yes |
Islam et al[29] (2024) | United States | Fujian Medical University Union Hospital | 135 | Yes | Yes | OS | Image | RF, SVM, KNN, NB | Internal | AUC, accuracy,sensitivity, specificity, F1-score | Yes |
Chen et al[22] (2024) | China | TCGA | Not reported | Yes | Yes | OS | Clinical, molecular | Multiple machine earning | External | C-Index, AUC, calibration | Yes |
Kuwayama et al[30] (2023) | Japan | Chiba Cancer Center (2007-2016) | 1687 | Yes | Yes | OS | Clinical | LR, GB, DL, RF | Internal | AUC, accuracy | No |
Zeng et al[27] (2024) | China | SEER (2000-2019) | 11076 | Yes | Yes | OS | Clinical | RF, DL | Internal, external | C-Index, AUC, Brier-score, Calibration | Yes |
Wu et al[25] (2024) | China | SEER | 11414 | Yes | Yes | OS | Clinical | DL, RF LR | Internal, external | C-Index, AUC, calibration, decision curve analysis | Yes |
Li et al[26] (2022) | China | Nanfang Hospital (2004-2016) | 695 | Yes | Yes | OS, DFS | Clinical | SVM | Internal, external | AUC | No |
Aznar-Gimeno et al[32] (2024) | Spain | 16 general hospitals (2023-2012) | 1246 | Yes | Yes | OS | Clinical, molecular | RF, XGboost, DL, SVM | External | Index, Brier-score | Yes |
Jiang et al[34] (2022) | China | Nanfang Hospital (2005-2012) | 510 | No | No | DFS | Clinical CT | DL | Internal, external | C-index, AUC, Brier-score, Calibration | Yes |
Li et al[28] (2024) | China | TCGA | 325 | Yes | Yes | OS | Clinical, molecular | Multiple machine learning | External | C-index, AUC, Calibration | Yes |
Liao et al[33] (2024) | China | SEER (2000–2019) | 775 | Yes | Yes | CSS | Clinical | Multiple machine learning | Internal | AUC, Calibration | Yes |
Wei et al[23] (2022) | China | TCGA | 357 | Yes | Yes | OS | Clinical, molecular, image | MultiDeepCox-SC | External | C-index, AUC | Yes |
Afrash et al[31] (2023) | Iran | Ayatollah Talleghani Hospital (2010-2017) | 974 | Yes | Yes | OS | Clinical | XGBoost, HGB, SVM | Internal | Accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, AUC, F1-score | Yes |
Zeng et al[27] (2023) | China | SEER (2000-2019) | 14177 | Yes | Yes | OS | Clinical | RF, DL | Internal | C-index, AUC, Brier-score, Calibration, IBS | Yes |
- Citation: Wang HN, An JH, Wang FQ, Hu WQ, Zong L. Predicting gastric cancer survival using machine learning: A systematic review. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2025; 17(5): 103804
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5204/full/v17/i5/103804.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v17.i5.103804