Longitudinal changes in body composition during palliative systemic chemotherapy and survival outcomes in metastatic colorectal cancer

Table 2 Incidence of sarcopenia at baseline, during treatment, and after the last systemic anticancer therapy, n (%)

Status	At baseline, n = 1805	At the start of second-line, n = 1131	At the start of third-line, n = 477	After the last systemic therapy, n = 1805	Changes1	P value2
Sarcopenia	85 (4.7)	70 (6.2)	40 (8.4)	215 (12.0)3	+7.3%3	< 0.001
SMI T-score, mean ± SD	-0.4 ± 1.0	-0.6 ± 1.0	-0.7 ± 1.0	-0.8 ± 1.03	-0.4 ± 0.83	< 0.001
Myosteatosis	558 (30.9)	409 (36.2)	185 (38.8)	809 (44.8)	+13.9%	0.009
NAMA/TAMA T-score, mean ± SD	-1.4 ± 1.7	-1.6 ± 1.7	-1.7 ± 1.6	-2.1 ± 1.9	-0.7 ± 1.4	< 0.001
Visceral obesity	659 (36.5)	461 (40.8)	203 (42.6)	736 (40.8)	+4.3%	< 0.001
VFA (cm2), mean ± SD	87.0 ± 55.5	94.0 ± 55.4	98.7 ± 58.2	94.5 ± 57.8	7.5 ± 42.7	< 0.001
Subcutaneous obesity	670 (37.1)	489 (43.2)	218 (45.7)	723 (40.1)	+2.9%	< 0.001
SFAI (cm2/m2), mean ± SD	43.3 ± 23.8	48.2 ± 25.3	49.4 ± 24.5	46.0 ± 25.9	2.6 ± 16.5	< 0.001
BMI						< 0.001
Normal (18.5-24.9 kg/m2)	1233 (68.3)	720 (63.7)	300 (62.9)	1107 (61.9)4	-6.5%4
Obese (≥ 25.0 kg/m2)	447 (24.8)	358 (31.7)	149 (31.2)	533 (29.8)4	+5.1%4
Underweight (< 18.5 kg/m2)	125 (6.9)	53 (4.7)	28 (5.9)	149 (8.3)4	+1.5%4
BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD	23.0 ± 3.2	23.5 ± 3.3	23.6 ± 3.4	23.2 ± 3.44	0.3 ± 2.24	< 0.001

¹From the start of the first-line to after stopping the last palliative chemotherapy.

²P values were calculated using linear mixed models.

³Excluding 20 patients with missing data.

⁴Excluding 16 patients with missing data.

NAMA: Normal-attenuation muscle area; SFAI: Subcutaneous fat area index; SMA: Skeletal muscle area; SMI: Skeletal muscle index; VFA: Visceral fat area.