Clinical characteristics and prognostic analysis of three hundred and nineteen cases of primary gastrointestinal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the primary gastrointestinal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients, n (%)

Characteristics	Total population (n = 319)	Training cohort (n = 223)	Validation cohort (n = 96)	P value
Age, years, median (IQR)	55 (36, 69)	53 (36, 68)	59.5 (36.8, 70.2)	0.48
Age > 60 years				0.62
No	166 (52)	114 (51.1)	52 (54.2)
Yes	153 (48)	109 (48.9)	44 (45.8)
Gender				0.62
Male	156 (48.9)	107 (48)	49 (51)
Female	163 (51.1)	116 (52)	47 (49)
ECOG ≥ 2				0.78
No	189 (59.2)	131 (58.7)	58 (60.4)
Yes	130 (40.8)	92 (41.3)	38 (39.6)
Lugano stage				0.79
I	146 (45.8)	104 (46.6)	42 (43.8)
II	85 (26.6)	57 (25.6)	28 (29.2)
IV	88 (27.6)	62 (27.8)	26 (27.1)
Extranodal invasion site ≥ 2				0.60
No	169 (53)	116 (52)	53 (55.2)
Yes	150 (47)	107 (48)	43 (44.8)
Tumor diameter > 5 cm				0.30
No	172 (53.9)	116 (52)	56 (58.3)
Yes	147 (46.1)	107 (48)	40 (41.7)
β2-MG > 2.2 mg/L				0.89
No	158 (49.5)	111 (49.8)	47 (49)
Yes	161 (50.5)	112 (50.2)	49 (51)
LDH > 250 U/L				0.98
No	233 (73)	163 (73.1)	70 (72.9)
Yes	86 (27)	60 (26.9)	26 (27.1)
IPI				0.17
0-2	96 (30.1)	62 (27.8)	34 (35.4)
3-5	223 (69.9)	161 (72.2)	62 (64.6)
Immunophenotyping				0.11
Non-GCB	191 (59.9)	140 (62.8)	51 (53.1)
GCB	128 (40.1)	83 (37.2)	45 (46.9)
B symptoms				0.38
No	141 (44.2)	95 (42.6)	46 (47.9)
Yes	178 (55.8)	128 (57.4)	50 (52.1)
Primary symptom				0.38
Abdominal pain	73 (22.9)	46 (14.4)	27 (8.5)
Abdominal distension	56 (17.6)	36 (11.3)	20 (6.3)
Abdominal discomfort	49 (15.4)	37 (11.6)	12 (3.8)
Nausea and vomiting	23 (7.2)	19 (6)	4 (1.3)
Anorexia and weight loss	35 (11)	28 (8.8)	7 (2.2)
Altered bowel habits	22 (6.9)	15 (4.7)	7 (2.2)
Melena	21 (6.6)	13 (4.1)	8 (2.5)
Space occupying lesion in the gastrointestinal tract	40 (12.5)	29 (9.1)	11 (3.4)
Lesion type				0.24
Ulceration	101 (31.7)	65 (29.1)	36 (37.5)
Raised	92 (28.8)	62 (27.8)	30 (31.2)
Diffuse	73 (22.9)	55 (24.7)	18 (18.8)
Mixed	53 (16.6)	41 (18.4)	12 (12.5)
Lesion site				0.87
Gastric fundus	15 (4.7)	12 (3.8)	3 (0.9)
Gastric body	83 (26)	58 (18.2)	25 (7.8)
Angular cisature	68 (21.3)	49 (15.4)	19 (6)
Gastric antrum	59 (18.5)	38 (11.9)	21 (6.6)
Intestinal duodenum	21 (6.6)	16 (5)	5 (1.6)
Jejunum	8 (2.5)	6 (1.9)	2 (0.6)
Ileum	9 (2.8)	6 (1.9)	3 (0.9)
Ileocecum	15 (4.7)	12 (3.8)	3 (0.9)
Colon	41 (12.9)	26 (8.2)	15 (4.7)
Treatment-modalities				0.37
Untreated	69 (21.6)	49 (22)	20 (20.8)
Chemotherapy	110 (34.5)	71 (31.8)	39 (40.6)
Surgery	34 (10.7)	27 (12.1)	7 (7.3)
Chemotherapy + surgery	106 (33.2)	76 (34.1)	30 (31.2)
Tissue origin				0.98
Endoscopic biopsies	262 (82.1)	183 (82.1)	79 (82.3)
Surgical tissue	51 (16)	36 (16.1)	15 (15.6)
Abdominal mass puncture tissue	6 (1.9)	4 (1.8)	2 (2.1)
CD10				0.14
Negative	156 (48.9)	103 (46.2)	53 (55.2)
Positive	163 (51.1)	120 (53.8)	43 (44.8)
BCL-6				0.13
Negative	149 (46.7)	98 (43.9)	51 (53.1)
Positive	170 (53.3)	125 (56.1)	45 (46.9)
MUM-1				0.90
Negative	191 (59.9)	133 (59.6)	58 (60.4)
Positive	128 (40.1)	90 (40.4)	38 (39.6)
BCL-2				0.36
Negative	162 (50.8)	117 (52.5)	45 (46.9)
Positive	157 (49.2)	106 (47.5)	51 (53.1)
C-MYC				0.52
Negative	165 (51.7)	118 (52.9)	47 (49)
Positive	154 (48.3)	105 (47.1)	49 (51)
CD5				0.47
Negative	183 (57.4)	125 (56.1)	58 (60.4)
Positive	136 (42.6)	98 (43.9)	38 (39.6)
EBER				0.27
Negative	309 (96.9)	218 (97.8)	91 (94.8)
Positive	10 (3.1)	5 (2.2)	5 (5.2)
Ki-67				0.26
Negative	105 (32.9)	71 (31.8)	34 (35.4)
Positive	214 (67.1)	152 (68.2)	62 (64.6)

IQR: Interquartile range; ECOG: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; β2-MG: Β2-microglobulin; LDH: Lactate dehydrogenase; IPI: International prognostic index; GCB: Germinal center B-cell; BCL-6: B-cell lymphoma 6; MUM-1: Multiple myeloma oncogene 1; BCL-2: B-cell lymphoma 2; C-MYC: Myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog; EBER: Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNA.