Exosomal miR-191 promotes colorectal cancer progression by inducing M2 macrophage polarization and inhibiting ferroptosis

Figure 4 Silencing of exosomal miR-191 from colorectal cancer cells attenuate inflammation and M2 polarization of macrophages by inducing ferroptosis of macrophages. A: Macrophages were incubated with exosomes from colorectal cancer cells, and treated with miR-191 inhibitor and/or ferrostatin-1. Flow cytometry demonstrated changes in cluster of differentiation (CD) 68 and CD163 in macrophages; B: Concentration of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 was confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; C: Western blotting assessed the changes in chitinase-like protein 3 and arginase-1 expression; D: IL-4 and IL-10 were monitored using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in macrophages. ^aP < 0.05. ^bP < 0.01. ^cP < 0.001. ^dP < 0.0001. CD: Cluster of differentiation; NC: Negative control; IL: Interleukin; YM1: Chitinase-like protein 3; Arg-1: Arginase-1; GAPDH: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.