Optimized digital polymerase chain reaction enables detection of telomerase reverse transcriptase C228T mutation for prognostic assessment in hepatocellular carcinoma

doi:10.4251/wjgo.v17.i12.113289

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology

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1948-5204

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Gastrointest Oncol. Dec 15, 2025; 17(12): 113289
Published online Dec 15, 2025. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v17.i12.113289

Table 2 Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses of overall survival and disease-free survival in hepatocellular carcinoma patients after hepatectomy

Characteristics	OS, univariate analysis		OS, multivariate analysis		DFS, univariate analysis		DFS, multivariate analysis
Characteristics	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value
Age (> 55/≤ 55)	0.65 (0.28-1.50)	0.311			0.64 (0.35-1.18)	0.149
Gender (female/male)	1.81 (0.71-4.64)	0.214			1.43 (0.68-3.00)	0.341
ALT (≤ 40/> 40 U/L)	1.70 (0.71-4.05)	0.235			1.45 (0.76-2.80)	0.264
AST (≤ 40/> 40 U/L)	2.84 (1.17-6.90)	0.021^a	1.17 (0.42-3.24)	0.766	1.70 (0.85-3.39)	0.132
LDH (≤ 214/> 214 U/L)	1.71 (0.63-4.63)	0.295			1.22 (0.54-2.74)	0.639
GGT (≤ 55/> 55 U/L)	3.40 (1.43-8.10)	0.006^a	2.40 (0.88-6.54)	0.087	2.53 (1.37-4.68)	0.003^a	2.14 (1.13-4.05)	0.019^a
APTT (> 34.6 seconds/≤ 34.6 seconds)	0.99 (0.33-2.93)	0.984			1.45 (0.61-3.46)	0.398
AFP (> 200/≤ 200 ng/mL)	0.28 (0.12-0.66)	0.004^a	0.36 (0.13-0.98)	0.044^a	0.91 (0.49-1.68)	0.756
Cirrhosis (yes/no)	0.85 (0.25-2.86)	0.788			1.41 (0.65-3.06)	0.380
Alcohol (no/yes)	2.13 (0.89-5.11)	0.090			0.93 (0.51-1.70)	0.806
Tumor number (single/multiple)	1.46 (0.49-4.33)	0.495			1.61 (0.75-3.49)	0.224
Tumor diameter (> 2 cm/≤ 2 cm)	0.62 (0.08-4.64)	0.644			1.44 (0.44-4.68)	0.545
MVI		0.038^a				0.634
Negative	Reference				Reference
2	3.58 (1.11-11.53)	0.032^a	1.24 (0.22-6.84)	0.806	1.25 (0.43-3.59)	0.683
1	2.68 (1.05-6.82)	0.038^a	0.89 (0.20-4.04)	0.877	1.40 (0.69-2.86)	0.353
Differe		0.086				0.086
Medium	Reference				Reference
High	0.27 (0.04-2.08)	0.210			0.74(0.29-1.94)	0.544
Low	2.14 (0.85-5.37)	0.105			2.02 (1.00-4.11)	0.052
LCI (yes/no)	0.97 (0.41-2.29)	0.948			1.08 (0.59-2.01)	0.797
BVI (no/yes)	4.36 (1.82-10.43)	< 0.001^a	2.23 (0.50-9.84)	0.292	2.19 (1.13-4.23)	0.020^a	2.27 (1.15-4.50)	0.018^a
BCLC		0.230				0.096
A	Reference				Reference
B	1.66 (0.55-4.97)	0.365			2.50 (1.01-6.14)	0.047^a
C	2.64 (0.48-14.53)	0.264			1.67 (0.75-3.72)	0.206
TERT mutation (no/yes)	2.70 (1.12-6.54)	0.028^a	2.27 (0.84-6.14)	0.107	2.69 (1.45-5.02)	0.002^a	2.43 (1.28-4.63)	0.007^a

^aP < 0.05 was significant.

OS: Overall survival; DFS: Disease-free survival; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; LDH: Lactate dehydrogenase; GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transferase; APTT: Activated partial thromboplastin time; AFP: Alpha fetoprotein; MVI: Microvascular invasion; Differe: Tumor differentiation; LCI: Liver capsular invasion; BVI: Blood vessel invasion; BCLC: Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer; TERT: Telomerase reverse transcriptase; HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval.

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Citation: Aizimuaji Z, Hu N, Li HY, Wang XJ, Ma S, Wang YR, Zheng RQ, Li Z, Zhao H, Rong WQ, Xiao T. Optimized digital polymerase chain reaction enables detection of telomerase reverse transcriptase C228T mutation for prognostic assessment in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2025; 17(12): 113289
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5204/full/v17/i12/113289.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v17.i12.113289

Aizimuaji Z, Hu N, Li HY, Wang XJ, Ma S, Wang YR, Zheng RQ, Li Z, Zhao H, Rong WQ, Xiao T. Optimized digital polymerase chain reaction enables detection of telomerase reverse transcriptase C228T mutation for prognostic assessment in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2025; 17(12): 113289 [PMID: 41480220 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v17.i12.113289]

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