Involvement of bile acids in cholangiocarcinoma progression via the Hippo-yes-associated protein signaling pathway

Figure 1 Hippo-yes-associated protein signaling pathway activation by glycochenodeoxycholic acid and deoxycholic acid. A: Western blot was used to detect the protein expression levels of mammalian STE20-like protein kinase 1, phosphorylated-mammalian STE20-like protein kinase 1, large tumor suppressor kinase 1, phosphorylated-large tumor suppressor kinase 1, yes-associated protein (YAP), and phosphorylated-YAP in HuCCT1 cells in the control, glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GDCA), deoxycholic acid (DCA), GDCA + YI, and DCA + YA groups; B: Reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression level of YAP in HuCCT1 cells in the control, GDCA, DCA, GDCA + YI, and DCA + YA groups. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tuke’s post hoc test. Statistical significance is indicated as: ^bP < 0.01 vs control; ^dP < 0.01 vs GDCA; ^fP < 0.01 vs DCA. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3 independent experiments). MST: Mammalian STE20-like protein kinase; p: Phosphorylated; LAT: Large tumor suppressor kinase; YAP: Yes-associated protein; GDCA: Glycochenodeoxycholic acid; DCA: Deoxycholic acid.