Meta-analysis of the efficacy of neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer

Table 2 Outcomes of the 796 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer in the 15 included publications (%)

Ref.	MPR	pCR	CCR	CR	R0 resection	Sphincter preservation	Surgical complications	Adverse effects, grade 3 or higher
Gao et al[14], 2022	27.30	54.50	18.20	54.50	100.0	100.0	NR	9.10
Rahma et al[15], 2021	NR	31.9	13.9	32	94	59.4	NR	48.2
Zhou et al[41], 2022	NR	20	43.5	25.2	NR	95.5	NR	17.4
Grassi et al[17], 2023	36.30	34.50	10.9	32.7	96.4	NR	NR	18
Shamseddine et al[18], 2020	67.5	37.5	NR	37.5	92.3	NR	NR	25
Wu et al[19], 2022	33.3	33.30	16	44	100	66.70	14.30	36
Xiao et al[9], 2024	NR	31.30	13.40	44.80	NR	94.70	NR	49.4
Lin et al[20], 2021	66.60	48.1	11.1	59.2	100	88.9	14.80	26.7
Lin et al[21], 2024	NR	39.8	1.7	41.6	96.2	94.2	10.5	16.8
Bando et al[22], 2022	38.80	31.85	2.70	30	pMMR: 70.2; dMMR: 80	pMMR: 87; dMMR: 100	31.50	18.2
George et al[23], 2022	NR	22.20	NR	31.1	NR	NR	NR	NR
Salvatore et al[24], 2021	60	23	NR	23	NR	NR	NR	8
Carrasco et al[25], 2023	NR	27	NR	24	NR	NR	NR	49
Xia et al[42], 2024	A group: 67.5; B group: 70.6	50	Total: 39.7; A group: 43.5; B group: 35.6	Total: 55.4; A group: 56.5; B group: 54.2	NR	A group: 82.3; B group: 86.4	NR	A group: 24.2; B group: 33.9
Wang et al[26], 2025	75	62.50	NR	NR	NR	87.50	NR	NR

MPR: Major pathological response; pCR: Pathological complete response; CCR: Clinical complete response; CR: Complete response; pMMR: Proficient mismatch repair; NR: Not reported; dMMR: Defective mismatch repair.