Meta-analysis of the efficacy of neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer

Table 1 Basic information of the 796 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer in the 15 included publications

Ref.	Country	Stage	Patient (n)	Age (years)	Sex (male/female)	TNM status	Median distance from anal verge (cm)	PD-L1 (status/score)	MMR/MSS (n)
Gao et al[14], 2022	China	II	11	57.1	9/2	cT3-4N0M0 or cT1-4N+M0	5.1 ± 2.1	NR	pMMR/MSS
Rahma et al[15], 2021	United States	II	90	55.7	60/30	T3-4/N+	NR	NR	NR
Zhou et al[41], 2022	China	II	23	55	14/9	II/III	1	NR	pMMR/MSS
Grassi et al[17], 2023	Italy	II	55	63	27/28	T3-4/N+	5	NR	dMMR: 2 L pMMR: 47; unknown: 6
Shamseddine et al[18], 2020	Lebanon	II	36	62.2	9/4	II/III	10	NR	pMMR/MSS
Wu et al[19], 2022	China	II	25	58	19/6	T3-4/N+	5.3	NR	pMMR/MSS
Xiao et al[9], 2024	China	II	67	-	-	II/III	< 5: 37.3%; ≥ 5, < 10: 56.7%; ≥ 10: 6%	NR	pMMR/MSS
Lin et al[20], 2021	China	II	30	57	17/13	T3-4/N+	4.7	(-): 66.7%; ≥ 1: 20%; unknown: 13.3%	dMMR: 1; pMMR: 28; unknown: 1
Lin et al[21], 2024	China	III	113	58	75/38	II/III	≤ 5: 49.6%; > 5: 50.4%	< 1: 14.2%; ≥ 1: 55.8%	pMMR: 42/105
Bando et al[22], 2022	Japan	IB	44	60.6	29/15	II/III	7	TPS ≥ 1: 75% (6/8); TPS < 1: 17% (5/30)	MSS: 39; MSI-H: 5
George et al[23], 2022	United States	II	45	NR	NR	II/III	NR	NR	NR
Salvatore et al[24], 2021	Italy	II	101	63	62/39	II/III	NR	NR	NR
Carrasco et al[25], 2023	North America	IB/II	26	66	13/13	II/III	NR	NR	NR
Xia et al[42], 2024	China	II	121	57	NR	II/III	< 5: 80.2%	NR	pMMR: 122; A group: 62; B group: 59
Wang et al[26], 2025	China	II	32	NR	23/9	T3/4	< 5: 40.6%	NR	pMMR/MSS

PD-L1: Programmed cell death-ligand 1; MMR: Mismatch repair; MSS: Microsatellite stability; pMMR: Proficient mismatch repair; NR: Not reported; dMMR: Defective mismatch repair; TPS: Tumor proportion score.