Secular trend in universal hepatocellular carcinoma prevention: Taiwan, Poland, and Belgium experience

Figure 4 Age-period-and cohort effects of hepatocellular carcinoma in Flanders, 2000-2019. The highest age effects were 118.08 and 30.46 in males and females aged 80-84. The rate ratios of the period effects from 2000 to 2019 increased for both males and females (0.76 to 1.42 and 0.90 to 1.47, respectively). The rate ratios of the cohort effects for males increased from 0.14 to 2.52 for 1915 to 1975, then decreased from 2.52 to 1.18 for 1975 to 1989. In females, rate ratios increased from 0.53 to 3.66 from 1915 to 1989. CIHi: Upper limit of 95% confidence interval; CILo: Lower limit of 95% confidence interval.