Secular trend in universal hepatocellular carcinoma prevention: Taiwan, Poland, and Belgium experience

doi:10.4251/wjgo.v17.i11.110840

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology

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1948-5204

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Retrospective Cohort Study

World J Gastrointest Oncol. Nov 15, 2025; 17(11): 110840
Published online Nov 15, 2025. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v17.i11.110840

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Figure 3 Age-period-cohort effects of hepatocellular carcinoma in Poland, 2000-2019. The highest age effects were 23.73 and 11.42 in males and females aged 75-79. The rate ratios of the period effects from 2000 to 2019 decreased for both males and females (1.13 to 0.92 and 1.17 to 0.77, respectively). The rate ratios of the cohort effects continually decreased from 1915 to 1989 (1.75 to 0.25 in males and 3.46 to 0.26 in females). CIHi: Upper limit of 95% confidence interval; CILo: Lower limit of 95% confidence interval.

Citation: Huang ZZ, Żmudka K, Ruggiano V, Hsu WL, Liu J, Chiang CJ, Chen YC, Wang V. Secular trend in universal hepatocellular carcinoma prevention: Taiwan, Poland, and Belgium experience. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2025; 17(11): 110840
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5204/full/v17/i11/110840.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v17.i11.110840

Huang ZZ, Żmudka K, Ruggiano V, Hsu WL, Liu J, Chiang CJ, Chen YC, Wang V. Secular trend in universal hepatocellular carcinoma prevention: Taiwan, Poland, and Belgium experience. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2025; 17(11): 110840 [PMID: 41281484 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v17.i11.110840]

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