Current insights and future perspectives of treatment strategies for biliary tract cancer

doi:10.4251/wjgo.v17.i10.110415

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology

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1948-5204

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Gastrointest Oncol. Oct 15, 2025; 17(10): 110415
Published online Oct 15, 2025. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v17.i10.110415

Table 1 Cancer types and candidate risk factors

Cancer type	Candidate risk factors	Ref.
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma	Liver fluke infection (Opisthorchis, Clonorchis); chronic liver disease (HBV, HCV, cirrhosis); PSC; hepatolithiasis; exposure to thorotrast or chemicals	[4,5]
Gallbladder cancer	Gallstones; large gallbladder polyps (> 10 mm); porcelain gallbladder; PBM; chronic Salmonella infection	[4,6-9,11]
Extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma	PSC; PBM; liver fluke infection; chronic biliary inflammation or strictures	[4,5,10,11]
Ampullary cancer	FAP; Lynch syndrome; PBM	[4,11]

HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; PSC: Primary sclerosing cholangitis; PBM: Pancreaticobiliary maljunction; FAP: Familial adenomatous polyposis.

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Citation: Nakagawa K, Tsujinaka S, Katayose Y, Yambe K, Sakurai H, Takami K, Kondo N, Yamamoto K, Shibata C. Current insights and future perspectives of treatment strategies for biliary tract cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2025; 17(10): 110415
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5204/full/v17/i10/110415.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v17.i10.110415

Nakagawa K, Tsujinaka S, Katayose Y, Yambe K, Sakurai H, Takami K, Kondo N, Yamamoto K, Shibata C. Current insights and future perspectives of treatment strategies for biliary tract cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2025; 17(10): 110415 [PMID: 41114096 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v17.i10.110415]

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