Effect of perioperative chemotherapy on resection of isolated pulmonary metastases from colorectal cancer: A single center experience

Table 3 Univariable Cox proportional hazards model for cancer-specific survival

Factors		HR (univariable)
Sex	Male
	Female	1.01 (0.47-2.17, P = 0.980)
Age at CRC diagnosis	≤ 60 years
	> 60 years	1.32 (0.63-2.78, P = 0.460)
Age at time of pulmonary surgery	≤ 60 years
	> 60 years	0.86 (0.48-2.03, P = 0.970)
Smoking history	No
	Yes	1.37 (0.63-2.97, P = 0.420)
Pulmonary metastasis	Synchronous
	Metachronous	2.52 (0.34-18.7, P = 0.360)
Surgical approach for PM	Open
	VATS	0.56 (0.25-1.24, P = 0.150)
Type of resection	Lobectomy
	Sublobar resection	0.51 (0.24-1.08, P = 0.077)
Lymph node dissection	No
	Yes	1.24 (0.59-2.61, P = 0.560)
Perioperative chemotherapy	No
	Yes	0.52 (0.24-1.14, P = 0.100)
Primary tumor T stage	T1-T3
	T4	1.70 (0.57-5.08, P = 0.370)
Primary tumor N stage	N0
	N1 or N2	1.39 (0.57-3.33, P = 0.460)
Primary tumor location	Left colon
	Right colon	0.61 (0.26-1.42, P = 0.260)
	Rectum	0.56 (0.17-1.78, P = 0.320)
CEA levels	≤ 5 ng/mL
	> 5 ng/mL	1.38 (0.64-3.00, P = 0.420)
Number of metastatic lesions	1
	> 1	2.47 (1.11-5.51, P = 0.027)
Tumor size (cm)	≤ 2 cm
	> 2 cm	0.81 (0.37-1.77, P = 0.600)
DFI	≤ 600
	> 600	0.44 (0.20-0.94, P = 0.030)

Bold values indicate P values below the statistical significance threshold. CRC: Colorectal cancer; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; PM: Pulmonary metastases; DFI: Disease-free interval; VATS: Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery; HR: hazard ratio.