Update and latest advances in mechanisms and management of colitis-associated colorectal cancer

Table 3 Summary of chemoprevention in colitis-associated colorectal cancer

Population	Agent	Efficacy of candidate chemopreventive drugs	Type of study
CAC[77]	5-ASA	Protective factors	Meta-analysis
CAC[78]	5-ASA	Protective factors	Meta-analysis
CAC[76]	Mesalamine; Sulfasalazine	Protective factors; No statistical effect	Meta-analysis
CAC[80]	5-ASA	No statistical effect	Meta-analysis
CAC[81]	Mesalamine	Protective factors	Case-control study
CAC[84]	5-ASA	Protective factors	Case-control study
GI cancer in IBD[91]	5-ASA	Protective factors	Cohort study
CAC[79]	5-ASA	Protective factors	Nested case-control study
CAC[87]	5-ASA	No statistical effect	A population-based study
CAC[85]	Thiopurines	Protective factors	Meta-analysis
CAC[83]	Thiopurines	No statistical effect	Meta-analysis
CAC[84]	Thiopurines	No statistical effect	Case-control study
Advanced neoplasia in IBD1[82]	Thiopurines	Protective factors	Cohort study
CRC[88]	Immunomodulators Anti-TNF-α agents	No statistical effect No statistical effect	Nested case-control study
CRC[92]	Folic acid	No statistical effect	Meta-analysis
CRC[93]	Folic acid	No statistical effect	Meta-analysis
CAC[94]	Non-aspirin NSAIDs	No statistical effect	Meta-analysis
CRC[95]	Vitamin D	No statistical effect	Meta-analysis
Colorectal adenomas[96]	Calcium intake as a food and dairy product	Significantly decrease	Meta-analysis
CRC[93]	Calcium	No statistical effect	Meta-analysis
CAC[97]	Statin	No statistical effect	Cohort study

¹Advanced neoplasia: including high-grade dysplasia and colorectal cancer.

ASA: Aminosalicylates; NSAIDs: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; CAC: Colitis-associated colorectal cancer; CRC: Colorectal cancer; IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease.