Xiaojianzhong decoction prevents gastric precancerous lesions in rats by inhibiting autophagy and glycolysis in gastric mucosal cells

Figure 8 Scheme summarizing the protective effects of Xiaojianzhong decoction on N-methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-induced gastric precancerous lesions rats via regulation of the p53/AMP-activated protein kinase/Unc-51 like kinase 1, phosphatidylinositol 3-kimase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin axis and hypoxia state. AKT: Protein kinase B; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; Bnip-3: B cell lymphoma/Leukemia-2 and adenovirus E1B19000 interacting protein 3; Dys: Dysplasia; GPL: Gastric precancerous lesions; HIF-1α: Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α; IM: Intestinal metaplasia; MCT: Monocarboxylate transporter; MNNG: N-methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine; PI3K: Phosphatidylinositol 3-kimase; mTOR: Mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway; SIRT6: Sirtuin 6; ULK1: Unc-51 like kinase 1.